Urbanization of Human Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urbanization of Human Population - Essay Example Human beings exceed in capacity than any other community of animals. The behavior of human beings is now compared to those of insects. The speed in growth of human population is not appreciated because it is becoming detrimental. Before the year 1850, there was no community that was urbanized until the year 1900 when Great Britain was recognized as an urbanized community. Currently all industrial countries are urbanized, and they have a rapid population growth (Davis, 5). The world as a whole is not fully urbanized, but it will be in recent years. Even the most urbanized countries show some signs of rural origins, and this is a sign of rapid urbanization. The entire impacts of man’s organic and social revolution can only be guessed. Urbanization is the total population living in urban cities. It is incorrect to assume urbanization to be the growth of cities. The movie industrial revolution shows that cities can grow without urbanization as long as rural population grows at a greater rate (Palmer). The movie also shows people have a misconception of the term urbanization because growth of cities and urbanization has occurred together. It is therefore, important to differentiate the two terms. For instance, the most advanced countries are experiencing growth in urban population yet their population is diminishing. The process of urbanization that involves concentration of human beings in cities has a beginning, and an end but the development of cities has no end. The major difference between a rural village and an urban c ommunity is their system of operation, which changes from one nation to another. The movie power and the people describe the major problem as not identifying the floor of urbanization, but it is identifying the boundaries that define an urban area. The people living within a certain political boundary (John, 15) determined the population of a city. The urban population in advanced countries has been spilling over political boundaries. The outward spread of the population made based on political boundaries does not offer a precise estimate of the city population since it exaggerates rural population. It is a major concern that many years between the emergences of small cities with that of urbanized city. It is also curious that places where urbanization originated are not the places that gave rise to major cities of the past. On the contrary, these places are known to have had low urbanization growth. Northern areas of Europe were very rural in the medieval period that it was difficu lt to understand urbanization. The nonurban nature of towns erased the parasitic culture of towns that eventually provided a basis for revolution. The adverse conditions that were a predicament for the age to come were low production in medieval agriculture in the acre and man term. The other reason was the feudal social system. The first reason implied that towns could not develop on local agriculture alone, and they needed to trade and manufacture items for trading. The second reason meant that they could not gain political dominance over their neighborhood. Therefore, it was rational for them to specialize in commerce and manufacture items for trading. Artisans were given houses in towns because they manufactured commodities and controlled prices of products. There was competition between towns that resulted in specialization

A World Affected by Pollution and Global Warming Essay Example for Free

A World Affected by Pollution and Global Warming Essay Roy M. Harrison.(2001) Pollution:Cause, Effects and Control. Royal society of chemistry. This author concentrates mainly chemical and radioactive pollution. The book speaks of the sources of pollutants and their effects on both living and non livings especially human. It also shows how chemical pollution can also cause of water, air and land pollution. Agarwal S.K. Water pollution. APH publishing(Jan.1 2005) The author bases the book on recent views, ideas and contribution of various leading ecologist information of water pollution. It show how to use waste water and its treatments. Irina Gray (2008). Pollution effects on humans, animals, plants and the environment. The writer shows the various types and causes of pollution and its effects on the environment. It shows the effect on human ranging mild discomfort to serious diseases. It also how the effect destroy animal life and the atmosphere. Credit: www.Tropical-Rainforest-Animals.com Margaret A. Wheatley(1996). Social and cultural impact of mercury pollution on Aboriginal people in Canada. Neurotox 17(1), 251-256 The writer explores the link between mercury pollution and social cultural disruption in Canadian aboriginal communities. It shows the difficulties in communication that contribute to the social and cultural impacts and their health effects.Credit: V. Ramanathan and G. Carmichael(2008). Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon.Nature Geoscience 221-221. The writers express how black carbon becomes air pollution and how it affects both the climate and the environment. This book said that the pollution affect different regions and the black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Credit: www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n4/full/ngeo/56.html S.Fred Singer.(1968) Global Effects of environmental pollution. Science 13 vol. 162 no 3859. The author talks the pollution effects on humans, animals, plants and the environment. It expresses the cause of pollution and how it causes the extinction of animals and plants species which is a grave loss for mankind. It shows how the advancement in technology aids the improvement of a well being of mankind but also its consequences. Credit: books.google.com/books Clive Glifford (2006). Planet under pressure:pollution. Rain-tree ISBN-13: 9781844439 744. The book examines how pollution has become a global issue and looks at the debate over possible solution. It shows how pollution whether air, water, radioactive or terrestrial affect the lives of a lot of people causing disease and contributing to the global warming. Credit: www.booksdirect.com.au/books/?isbn=9781844439744 Green StudentU. Pollution. This is a encyclopedia entry which speaks of how toxic chemicals from factories pollute the land, air and water. It explains what pollution is and why there are different types . Of the types, It takes of their sources and how to prevent them. It gives link to environment protection agency website if to be involved in prevention of pollution. It also gives the statistics of the people affected by pollution and other. Credit: www.greenstudentu.com/encyclopedia/pollution

The Entertainment Industrys Standards of Beauty and Impact on Youth Es

The Entertainment Industry's Standards of Beauty and Impact on Youth â€Å"Man, I am hungry. But if I eat, I will never be able to look like that celebrity.† These words could come out of a typical teenager’s mouth. If a teenager sees someone on TV, in a movie, or in a magazine that he or she wishes to look like, he or she may try anything necessary to accomplish it. The standards of beauty set by the entertainment industry today are having a negative effect on today’s youth. Have you ever heard of Calista Flockhart, Lara Flynn Boyle, Jennifer Aniston, or Antonio Sabato Jr.? They are all celebrities that the typical teenager idolizes, but these idolizations are not necessarily a good thing. Unfortunately, they are all setting standards of beauty that are not only unrealistic but could prove to be dangerous when trying to be attained. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of eating disorders, steroid use, and plastic surgery among teenagers. The main reason for this trend is that â€Å"the beauty ideal has shifted towards an increasing emphasis on thinness† (Brown). In the article â€Å"Body Obsessed†, Rebecca Barry says that the world is sending out many mixed messages about being a girl (Barry 112). Today, women in the entertainment industry are put into many different roles, but all of the roles have one thing in common. They all tend to be very beautiful and very thin. In fact, while the average body weight of women has increased, the majority of women on TV and in magazines have remained thin (Brown). This makes many people believe that actresses will try anything to lose weight. The most common ways are by either exercising or by trying one of many different kind... ... in any way, shape, or form define who they are as a person. Our main message to our youth should be: â€Å"Self-esteem and confidence must start from within not from our outward appearance† (Brown). Works Cited Barry, Rebecca. â€Å"Body Obsessed.† Seventeen. July 1995: 112. Infotrac. Online. 24 Oct. 1999 Brown, Crystal C. â€Å"Modern Beauty Standards Unrealistic.† The Capitol Times. Vol. 2 No. 21. Online. 03 Nov. 1999. Available: http://www.capitoltimes.com. McClelland, Susan. â€Å"The Lure of the Body Image: In Their Quest for the Beefcake Look, Some Men Try Extreme Measures.† Maclean’s. 22 Feb. 1999: 38. Infotrac. Online. 18 Oct. 1999. Stevens, Liz. â€Å"Today’s Teen Magazines May be Sending Mixed Messages to Girls.† Knight- Ridder/Tribune News Service. 14 July 1999. Infotrac. Online. 2 Nov. 1999.

Evaluating Term Limits Essay -- U.S. Government

Upon first examination, the idea of implementing term limits in Congress is appealing. In fact, the idea of term limits was initially discussed by our founders, though it was eventually decided that it should not be included in the Constitution (Newton-Small, 2010). The reasons for considering term limits have remained consistent since the beginning of the country, however, and include ensuring legislative turnover, limiting the abuse of the power of seniority, and decreasing the advantages given to incumbents in the campaign process. Interestingly, the states that have adopted term limits have not seen the expected positive outcomes, nor have the opponents seen the dire results that had been predicted. Upon further investigation, the case for term limits is strong as long as it is a nationally based initiative in order to create uniformity and the limits are long enough to increase competence in the job and head off short-term thinking, however without increased voter involveme nt, no reform will solve the current concerns with Congress. There are currently 15 states that have term limits in place for legislators, and among those states, there are seven different versions of term limits (National Conference for State Legislatures, 2009). The differences include the length of time for the limits and whether they are lifetime limits or just consecutive term limits. The difference in the parameters, and the fact that there has been no national reform passed, impacts the effectiveness of the restrictions. For example, consider the fact that congressional privilege and power is often based on seniority. States with current term limits have placed themselves in a weaker position when it comes to power within the legislature... ...tions.gmu.edu/Turnout_2008G.html Morrison, J. (1992). Congressional tenure limited to two consecutive terms? Retrieved from On the Horizon.com: http://horizon.unc.edu/projects/OTH/1-1_poli3.html National Conference for State Legislatures. (2009). The term limited states. Retrieved from NCSL: http://www.ncsl.org/legislatures-elections/legisdata/chart-of-term-limits-states.aspx Newton-Small, J. (2010). Term Limits: No magic pill for Washington's woes. Retrieved from Time.com: http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1967192,00.html Rasmussen, S. (2011). 71% favor term limits for Congress. Retrieved from Rasmussen Reports: http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/general_politics/september_2011/71_favor_term_limits_for_congress Shenkman, R. (2008). Just How Stupid Are We?: Facing the Truth About the American Voter. New York: Basic Books.

Islam Essay

Field Study Research Karen Edmonds-Leach Professor Jonathan Pedrone REL212: World Religions-Summer September 4, 2011 Islam: Field Study Research After interviewing a member of the Islamic faith, I came to the realization that there are very many misconceptions about the religion of Islam and that these misconceptions are very hurtful, disrespectful, and inhumane. In this paper, I will first discuss several misconceptions that I had about the Islamic faith. I will then analyze how my prior understanding about the religion was altered through interviewing a member of the Islamic faith. Next, I will discuss my beliefs on misconceptions about other people’s religion being common or not. Lastly, I will recommend steps that can be taken to minimize misconceptions people have about religions that are not their own. I had many misconceptions about Islam before speaking with a member of the religion. The first was that Islam oppresses women. When I thought about women in Islam, I thought of the image of a woman wearing a veil, and other heavy, dark clothing, where no skin would be visible, even in the hot summer months. I thought about how women were forced to stay home, and were not allowed to drive vehicles. I also believed that the Muslim’s God, Allah, was not the same as the God in Christianity, and was a false god. I believed that Muslims worshipped Muhammad, and that Muhammad and Allah were the same thing. I did not think that Muslims believed in Jesus Christ. I also thought that Muslim men all married multiple wives. I thought that polygamy was something that was widely practiced in Islam, and was somewhat of a requirement. For those men who married one wife, I believed that they were merely â€Å"Americanized†. Another misconception I had was that all Muslims were Arabs. Not only did I think they were all Arabs, but I thought that being a Muslim and an Arab was the same thing. Lastly, just as the cross is something like a symbol of Christianity, I believed that the crescent and the star was the symbol of Islam. I had all of these misconceptions about Islam, as many other people who practice religions outside of Islam do, but speaking with a Muslim quickly changed my mind about these harsh misconceptions. Each one of my misconceptions about Islam count toward my overall understanding of the religion. My prior understanding was completely altered through my encounter with the Muslim woman I interviewed. I believed it would be a great idea to talk to a woman about how women are suppressed in Islam. I interviewed a friend of mine, named Kiran Masood. She was born and raised in the Islam religion, and continues to practice it today. She informed me that this is not necessarily the case. She stated that some Muslim countries do have laws that oppress women, but this practice does not come from Islam itself. Masood stated, â€Å"countries that have laws against women created these laws themselves. They may say that their basis is from the Qu’ran, but the Qu’ran does not suggest any oppression women† (Masood). Though this is true, there are some social constructions in Islam, where women and men are given different roles and equity. This is something that all religions accept, and is not a surprise to me in Islam. In addition, another common misconception is that a woman can be forced to marry against her will, and this is not the case at all. Masood informed me that â€Å"no one can force a Muslim girl to marry someone she does not want to marry; her parents may suggest she marry a suitable man, but by no means is this girl forced to marry someone that she may not want to marry† (Masood). I was also informed that divorce is not common, and it is used as a last resort. Masood also quickly refuted my second misconception, that Allah is a different God. â€Å"Allah is not a different God; Allah is simply the Arabic word for God† (Masood) which is something that I was not aware of. Allah is the same God worshipped by Muslims, Jews, and Christians. The one difference in Islam and Christianity is that Muslims believe the God is the one and only. The religion does not accept Jesus as God’s son, and believes that He has no human-like attributions. In Christianity, Jesus is accepted as God’s son and was basically God in flesh when He was on earth. Also, Muslims do not worship Muhammad, as I was lead to believe. Muhammad was chosen to deliver messages, but is not the founder of Islam, and Muslims do not worship him, though they do honor him and respect him, as they do Jesus, Moses, Adam, and Noah (the other prophets of the Word). My third misconception, that all Muslim men marry multiple women, also came to be false. Masood informed me that polygamy, marrying multiple spouses, is not encouraged in Islam, and is not mandatory. She stated, â€Å"In the religion of Islam, marrying multiple women is permissible, but is not something that the religion requires† (Masood). If a man decides to marry multiple women, these women cannot be forced into it, meaning if they do not want to marry a man with other wives, then she does not have to. My fourth misconception was that Muslims and Arabs are the same thing. Masood simply told me that the two are different, but I decided to do more research on the subject. There are about 1. 2 billion Muslims in the world. Muslims reside in a variety of places, including Nigeria, the Philippines, and of course, the United States. Muslims also represent many races, cultures, and nationalities. About 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world, primarily in Indonesia (Isseroff). This is far from 100% of Muslims. Lastly, I believed that the crescent and star was the symbol of Islam, which is not the case. In the days of the Prophet Mohammed, Muslims did not have a symbol; instead, they used solid-colored flags. The Turks in fact introduced the crescent as a symbol. It was adopted due to the Ottoman Empire’s conquest of Constantinople. In turn, all of my beliefs about Islam turned out to be false. In fact, some of them turned out to be the complete opposite. I believe that misconceptions about other people’s religion are extremely common. No matter what religion someone practices, they always have certain beliefs about other people’s religions. This is not to say that people disrespect other people’s religions, but they simply have their own beliefs towards them. Most times, we do not know anything about other people’s religions. We are so set in our own mindset that the religion we practice is the only correct religion; that we fail to learn anything about other religions in the world. Because we lack knowledge of other religions, we use stereotypes and misconceptions to justify why we do not agree with the other religions’ practices. Even those who do not practice any religion, I believe they use stereotypes and misconceptions about all religions, because those people are so fixed in their own belief that no religion is true, and that they all are false. It is important for people of all religions to have an understanding of others’ religions, because sometimes, people have a lot more in common than they think they do. For example, I thought that my own religion, Christianity, was completely different from Islam, but in reality, the two religions share many similarities. I was surprised at the information I learned from Kiran Masood, and it was a shock that Islam has a lot of parallels to Christianity. Every religion has certain misconceptions. In this paper, I analyzed the misconceptions of Islam, but Christianity and other religions have misconceptions as well. We always are so quick to judge others that are different from us, but instead we should be interested in learning new things about other religions. The purpose of this is not to persuade someone to convert to a different religion, but to just be enlightened and educated about the different religions that exist in our society. One step that could be taken to minimize misconceptions people have about religions not their own is for people to let their guards down and to be more accepting to people’s differences. Not everyone will have the same beliefs, but instead of stereotyping and discriminating against other religions, we can learn from each other. Just having knowledge of new things is prideful, and is an asset that we all should have. If we take the time to learn about other people’s beliefs, these misconceptions would not exist. We should educate ourselves, instead of jumping to conclusions. One way I like to think about this is that I do not like when people of different religions criticize and stereotype against my own religion, Christianity. I wish that people would not be so quick to speak negatively about Christianity, because most times, they do not know what they are truly talking about. They jump to conclusions, and did not take the time to learn the truth behind Christianity. Because I have such strong feelings about this, I should in turn not treat other religions this way, since I know how it feels. I should take the time to educate myself about different religions. Though it will not cause me to convert from Christianity, just having basic knowledge about other religions can help me make a better judgment on certain topics. No one can make judgments or participate in a debate if they have not done research on the subject. Interviewing my friend Kiran Masood gave me a lot of enlightenment. I learned so much about the religion of Islam that I did not previously know. Though we have known each other for a while, I never thought to learn more about the religion she practices. I found it to be a rewarding experience, and learning about different religions is something that I will continue to practice. It is important for us to understand that we all have differences, whether it is race, culture, ethnic background, economic status, or religion. Amongst all these differences are many similarities between us. Instead of always focusing on the differences that separate us, we should look at the similarities that bring us together. Our differences make us special, and our similarities give us things in common. Learning about people’s differences is important because it is what makes that person unique. Though we all have a variety of differences, one thing we have in common is we all are human beings with feelings and beliefs. We should all value our beliefs, and be open to learning about others’ beliefs as well. References Isseroff, A. (n. d. ). A Concise History of Islam and the Arabs. Middle East: MidEastWeb. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://www. mideastweb. org/islamhistory. htm. Fisher, M. P. , & Adler, J. A. (2011). Living Religions (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson Prentice Hall.

ISTORICUL HRILOR Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

ISTORICUL HRILOR Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers ISTORICUL HRILOR Primele hri au fost fcute de babilonieni n jurul anului 2300 .H., fiind realizate pe plci de clei. Hri mai cuprinztoare au fost gsite n China, fiind fcute pe mtase i datnd din sec. II .H. Aptitudinea i nevoia de a cartografia pare a fi universal. Una dintre cele mai interesante tipuri de hri primitive este harta marin din trestie construit de ctre locuitori Insulei Marshall din sudul Oceanului Pacific. Arta cartografierii a avut mari progrese in civilizaiile Maya i Inca, iar incaii, nc din sec. XII d.H., au nceput s realizeze hri ale teritoriilor cucerite. Se presupune c prima hart care a reprezentat lumea cunoscut a fost fcut de filosoful grec Anaximandru, n sec. VI .H. Avea form circular i arta teritoriile cunoscute ale lumii, grupate n jurul Mrii Egee, fiind aflate n mijlocul hrii si nconjurate de ocean. Una dintre cele mai faimoase hri ale timpurilor clasice a fost fcut de ctre geograful grec Eratostene n jurul anului 200 .H. Reprezenta lumea cunoscut de la Anglia, n nord-vest, pn la gura de vrsare a rului Gange, n est, i pn la Libia, n sud. Aceasta hart a fost prima care s aib linii transversale paralele care s arate latitudini egale. Harta a avut, de asemeni, nite meridiane, dar erau neregulat spaiate. n jurul anului 150 d.H., nvatul alexandrian Ptolemeu a publicat hri geografice ale lumii, realizate de el, bineneles. Acestea erau primele hri care s utilizeze proiecie conic precis din punct de vedere matematic, dei deineau mai multe erori, cum ar fi proporii excesive ale teritoriilor din Eurasia. Dup cderea Imperiului Roman, cartografierea n Europa a ncetat; astfel de hri au mai fost fcute de obicei de clugri, care adesea nfiau Terra incorect. Marinarii arabi, totui, au fcut i utilizat hri marine foarte precise n aceeai perioad. Geograful arab al-Idrisi a realizat o hart a lumii n 1154. ncepnd aproximativ din sec. XIII, navigatorii din Marea Mediteranean au fcut hri marine exacte, cu linii care artau trasee ntre porturi importante. Aceste hri erau, de obicei, numite portolano. n sec. XV, copii ale hrilor lui Ptolemeu au fost tiprite n Europa; pentru urmtoarele sute de ani aceste hri au exercitat o mare influen asupra cartografilor europeni. O hart fcut n 1507 de ctre Martin Waldseemller, un cartograf german, a fost probabil prima care s poat folosi numele America, conform noilor teritorii transatlantice descoperite. Harta, tiprit pe 12 coli de hrtie diferite, a fost de asemenea prima care s separe n mod clar America de Sud i Nord de Asia. n 1590, Abraham Ortelius, un cartograf flamand, a publicat primul atlas modern, Orbis Terrarum. Coninea 70 de hri. n sec. XVI, muli ali cartografi au fcut hri n care erau incorporate informaii ct mai multe aduse de ctre navigatori i exploratori. Gerardus Mercatur este cel care, totui, este recunoscut ca cel mai mare cartograf al Erei Descoperirilor. Corectitudinea hrilor aprute mai trziu a fost cu mult sporit datorit determinrilor mai precise ale latitudinii i longitudinii i mulumit mrimii i formei Pmntului. Primele hri care s prezinte variaii ale busolei au fost fcute n prima jumtate a sec. XVII, iar primele hri marine care s arate curenii oceanului au fost realizate n jurul anului 1665. Pn n sec. XVIII, principiile tiinifice ale cartografiei au fost dovedite i majoritatea erorilor remarcabile implicau pri neexplorate ale lumii. Pe la sfritul sec. XVIII, cum fora iniial a explorrii lumii era micorat i naionalismul ncepuse s devin o for puternic, un numr de ri europene au nceput s preia studii topografice naionale detaliate. Completa studiere topografic a Franei a fost publicat in 1793; msura aproximativ 11 metri pe fiecare parte. Marea Britanie, Spania, Austria, Elveia i alte ri au urmat dup Frana. In Statele Unite, studiul geologic a fost organizat in 1879 pentru a face hri topografice la scar mare a ntregii ri. n 1891, Congresul Geografic Internaional a propus cartografierea ntregii lumi pe o scar de 1:1,000,000, o sarcin care nc rmne s fie terminat. n sec. XX, cartografia a suferit o serie de inovaii tehnice majore. Fotografierea aerian a fost developat n timpul primului rzboi mondial i a fost mult utilizat n timpul celui de-al doilea rzboi mondial n cartografie. ncepnd n 1966 cu lansarea satelitului Pageos, i continund

Field Experience Interview Essays

Field Experience Interview Essays Field Experience Interview Essay Field Experience Interview Essay Field Experience Interview Name: Institution: Field Experience Interview : Ryan is currently on medication, due to his condition. He was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which makes him very impulsive and hyperactive. Currently, Ryan is receiving special academic services in terms of learning. This is because he has been categorized as a student, in need of unique learning services due to his condition. The services rendered to him aim at improving his concentration, understanding and performance in Mathematics and Languages. Ms. Susan, a special educator for 22 years is assigned to Ryan’s case. She enjoys her work because she gets to help children and their families in dealing with complex conditions. There is a specific process involved when attending to a child with special conditions. Ryan’s case was monitored carefully by his guardians and teachers at school. This was done by observing his behavior socially, physically and academically. The guardians and teachers documented these behaviors and brainstormed on the nature of the problem. This established the consistency and recurrence of the problem. The second phase was the pre-referral process, which involved the evaluation of Ryan’s potential and strengths. According to the Council for Exceptional Children (n.d.), a pre-referral team includes general educators, parents and administrators. After observing Ryan for a while, it was evident that he had a remarkable capability of distinguishing meanings of different kinds of information, through minimal listening. This showed the potential in Ryan to grasp information faster. As a result, teaching him was time saving. The third phase involved discussions between Ryan’s parents and teachers. This was done to establish the suitability of his referral to special education. The condition lowered his concentration in class and as a result, his academic performance was poor. He was also hyperactive and this made him inattentive in class. Members of the referral team included parents and teachers, for both special and general education. All people involved in his academic life of are also members of this team. The fourth phase involved the analysis of methods used previously to help him with his condition. This included the evaluation of special education. Ryan was put on medication after detection of his condition. Since then, he has been receiving dosages of Ritalin to date. Ritalin is a stimulating drug, used to treat conditions of ADHD. After doing an assessment of Ryan’s performance, various methods that had not been employed before were tabled. To improve his performance, Ryan was offered further instructions in Mathematics and Languages assignments to advance his understanding. After all these measures were taken, Ryan’s progress was observed by conducting meetings regularly. This helped the parents to assess the methods used and think of other interventions to help. The collaboration between general and special education worked coherently for Ryan’s benefit, with conditions that affected their performance. Special and general educators held meetings to discuss the progress of children who had disorders like ADH. The main aim of general educators and parents was to outline the problems faced by specific Ryan in a document. This document was then forwarded to special educators for his evaluation, through observing their behaviors. The special educators were handed over with these problems to address because they were more qualified to tackle them. Parents play an important role in the progress of children. They provide special educators with information about their children when they are not in school. They also monitor the progress of a child and give conclusive reports to special educators. One positive aspect resulting from the involvement of parents in special education is that they have been able to engage themselves more in the personal lives of the children, which enhances family relationships. There are many challenges faced by parents in helping their children to deal with this condition. According to Cosmos (n.d.), one challenge faced by parents is the repulsive nature of children with ADHD (Cosmos, n.d.). This makes communication between them difficult because handling them without triggering their emotions is difficult. The IEP is a contract between guardians and school administrations that assesses children and establishes if they require special education. Members that constitute an IEP team include parents or guardians, special and general education teachers and Local Educational Agency (LEA) representatives. The IEP usually sets annual goals that are achieved through making benchmark decisions. An annual goal that came from the IEP was the development of Ryan’s Mathematic and Language skills. The worked samples given aimed at enhancing his understanding through providing him with extra information for better understanding. The tests exposed him to different methods of understanding his studies. The IEP also achieved short-term goals of educating Ryan through giving him short tests in Mathematics to monitor his progress. This improved dialogue between educators and teachers. The role of technology in the process of assessment was very vital. The use of computers to communicate with children helped Ryan to understand concepts efficiently. Technology also helped teachers to pass information in a quick manner. The use of Dynamic Graphics Project (DGP) has improved the means of relaying instructions to children. The project has also enabled children in an inclusive environment to have diverse thoughts. This has improved their understanding of mathematical and language concepts. The DGP advanced Ryan’s interpretation of information through increasing his speed of thinking. There are many challenges faced by special educators. According to Friend (2005), it is important for special educators to all issues facing a child, to avoid hostility (Friend, 2005). Hostility from children with ADHD in terms of learning hinders teachers like Ms Susan from performing their duties well. Uncooperative parents also pose major challenges to teachers. This is because they do not provide relevant information to teachers thus, helping a child is difficult. She advises parents to be more cooperative in providing information concerning a child, who suffers from ADHD. She also encourages them to be patient with their children because ADHD is not an issue that is solved by using medication only. The process of interviewing Ms. Susan was successful. The aim of the interview was to gather information on how special education is administered, and the role played by parents and teachers in it. The description by Ms. Susan was conclusive because it outlined the process of administering special education, giving specific roles of all team members involved. However, it was evident that the process is focused on improving the performance of children in two subjects only. This should not be the case because academic improvement by children should involve all disciplines of study. The actions taken by all team members to improve the performance by children, who have special conditions academically and socially, are efficient. This was evident from the improvement of Ryan’s performance according to Ms. Susan. However, the process could be improved in order to enhance children’s performance in all fields. An example of changes that should be made is shifting focus from Mathematics and English, to all subjects studied for example Science and Social Studies. This will generally improve the academic performance of all children. The role of technology in the process should also be increased. With the rapid changes in technology, it is important to educate children on the use of facilities such as computers. This will help them understand the conditions that they are facing through research. As a result, they will be more open to cooperating with their educators. References Cosmos, C. (n.d.). Abuse of Children with Disabilities. Retrieved April 24, 2009, from the Council for Exceptional Children website:cec.sped.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Searchtemplate=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfmContentID=1298 Council for Exceptional Children. (n.d.). Giftedness and the Gifted: What’s it all About? Retrieved from cec.sped.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Gifts_and_TalentsTemplate=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfmTPLID=37ContentID=5628 Friend, M. P. (2005). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals. Boston: Pearson.

Importance of the Magna Carta to the US Constitution

Importance of the Magna Carta to the US Constitution The Magna Carta, meaning â€Å"Great Charter,† is one of the most influential political documents ever written: it is seen by many modern political scientists as the fundamental document for many of the governing laws of the west, including the United States. Originally issued in 1215 by King John of England as a way of dealing with his own political crisis, the Magna Carta was the first governmental decree establishing the principle that all people- including the king- were equally subject to the law.   Key Document in U.S. Political Foundations In particular, the Magna Carta had a significant impact on the American Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the constitutions of various U.S. states. Its influence is also reflected in the beliefs held by eighteenth-century Americans that the Magna Carta affirmed their rights against oppressive rulers. In keeping with colonial Americans general distrust of sovereign authority, most early state constitutions included declarations of rights retained by individual citizens and lists of protections of those citizens from the powers of the state government. Due in part to this conviction to individual liberty first embodied in the Magna Carta, the newly-formed United States also adopted the Bill of Rights. The American Bill of Rights Several of the natural rights and legal protections enumerated in both the state declarations of rights and the United States Bill of Rights descend from rights protected by Magna Carta. A few of these include: Freedom from unlawful searches and seizuresThe right to a speedy trialA right to a jury trial in both criminal and civil casesProtection from loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law The exact phrase from the 1215 Magna Carta referring to â€Å"due process of law† is in Latin, but there are various translations. The British Library translation reads: â€Å"No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land.† In addition, many broader constitutional principles and doctrines have their roots in America’s eighteenth-century interpretation of the Magna Carta, such as the theory of representative government, the idea of a supreme law, a government based on a clear separation of powers, and the doctrine of judicial review of legislative and executive acts. Journal of the Continental Congress Evidence of the influence of the Magna Carta on the American system of government can be found in several key documents, including the Journal of the Continental Congress, which is the official record kept of the Congresss deliberations between May 10, 1775, and March 2, 1789. In September and October 1774, the delegates to the first Continental Congress drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, in which the colonists demanded the same liberties guaranteed to them under â€Å"the principles of the English constitution, and the several charters or compacts.† They demanded self-government, freedom from taxation without representation, the right to a trial by a jury of their own countrymen, and their enjoyment of â€Å"life, liberty, and property† free from interference from the English crown. The Federalist Papers Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, and published anonymously between October 1787 and May 1788, the Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five articles intended to build support for the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. Despite the widespread adoption of declarations of individual rights in state constitutions, several members of the Constitutional Convention generally opposed adding a bill of rights to the federal Constitution. In Federalist No. 84, published during the summer of 1788, Hamilton argued against the inclusion of a bill of rights, stating: â€Å"Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing; and as they retain everything they have no need of particular reservations.† In the end, however, the Anti-Federalists prevailed and the Bill of Rights- based largely on the Magna Carta- was appended to the Constitution in order to secure its final ratification by the states. The Bill of Rights as Proposed As originally proposed to Congress in 1791, there were twelve amendments to the constitution. These were strongly influenced by the state of Virginia’s Declaration of Rights of 1776, which in turn incorporated a number of the protections of the Magna Carta. As a ratified document, the Bill of Rights included five articles directly reflecting these protections: Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures (4th),  Protection of rights to life, liberty, and property (5th),  Rights of accused persons in criminal cases (6th),  Rights in civil cases (7th), and  Other rights kept by the people (8th).   History of the Magna Carta King John I (also known as John Lackland, 1166–1216) ruled England, Ireland and sometimes Wales and Scotland between 1177–1216. His predecessor and brother Richard I had spent much of the kingdoms wealth on the crusades: and in 1200, John himself had lost lands in Normandy, ending the Andevin Empire. In 1209, after an argument with Pope Innocent III  over who should be the archbishop of Canterbury, John was excommunicated from the church. John needed to pay money to get back in Popes good graces, and he wanted to wage war and get back his lands in Normandy, so as sovereigns were wont to do, he increased already-heavy taxes on his subjects. The English barons fought back, forcing a meeting with the king at Runnymede near Windsor on June 15, 1215. At this meeting, King John was coerced into signing the Great Charter which protected some of their basic rights against royal actions. After some modifications, the charter known as the magna carta libertatum (great charter of liberties) became part of the law of the land of England in 1297 under the reign of Edward I.  Ã‚   Key Provisions of the Magna Carta Following are some of the key items that were included in the 1215 version of the Magna Carta: Habeas corpus, known as the right to due process, said that free men could only be imprisoned and punished after lawful judgment by a jury of their peers.Justice could not be sold, denied, or delayed.Civil lawsuits did not have to be held in the kings court.The Common Council had to approve the amount of money that vassals had to pay instead of having to serve in the military (called scutage) along with any aid that could be requested from them with only three exceptions, but in all cases, the aid had to be reasonable. This basically meant that John could no longer tax without the agreement of his Council.If the King wanted to call the Common Council, he had to give the barons, church officials, landowners, sheriffs, and bailiffs 40 days notice that included a stated purpose for why it was being called.For commoners, all fines had to be reasonable so that their livelihood could not be taken away. Further, any offense that a commoner was said to have committed had to be sworn to by go od men from the neighborhood. Bailiffs and constables could not appropriate peoples possessions.London and other cities were given the right to collect customs.The king could not have a mercenary army. In feudalism, the barons were the army. If the king had his own army, he would have the power to do what he wanted against the barons.Inheritances were guaranteed to individuals with the amount of what today we would call inheritance tax being set in advance.As stated previously, the king himself had to follow the law of the land. Up until the Magna Carta’s creation, British monarchs enjoyed supreme rule. With the Magna Carta, the king, for the first time, was not allowed to be above the law. Instead, he had to respect the rule of law and not abuse his position of power. Location of Documents Today There are four known copies of the Magna Carta in existence today. In 2009, all four copies were granted UN World Heritage status. Of these, two are located at the British Library, one is at Lincoln Cathedral, and the last is at Salisbury Cathedral. Official copies of the Magna Carta were reissued in later years. Four were issued in 1297 which King Edward I of England affixed with a wax seal. One of these is currently located in the United States. Conservation efforts were recently completed to help preserve this key document. It can be seen at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., along with the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights.   Updated by Robert Longley Resources and Further Reading Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774 to 1789. Digital Collections. Library of Congress.The Federalist Papers. Congress.gov.  Howard, A. E. Dick. Magna Carta: Text and Commentary, 2nd ed. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.Linebaugh, Peter. The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009Magna Carta 1215: Transcript in English and Latin. The British Library.  Hamilton, Alexander. Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered. Federalist Papers 84. New York: McLeans, July 16–August 9, 1788Vincent, Nicholas. The clauses of Magna Carta. The British Library, March 13, 2015.  The Virginia Declaration of Rights. National Archives.

Political Violence in Syria And Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Violence in Syria And Iraq - Essay Example It is believed that the Syrian civil war was sparked by school boys. The boys were discussing the uprising that had engulfed Syria, expressing their frustration that their nation was ruled by the repressive Assad’s family. Bashir Abazed, painted in huge letters a defiant message that was aimed at President Bashar Assad, (Lischer & Kenyon 2007). The defiant message written in Arabian was translated to mean it is your turn doctor. Another teenager a slogan saying ‘down with Bashir as-Assad’. The government responded to the protests with violence and shooting, that led to the death of many people. This forced the protests to spread to the rest of Syria.Political repression was a major cause for rebellion and protests among the citizens. When President Bashar assumed power in 2000 after his father’s death, he promised people to make reforms that would better their lives. The reforms were needed since his family had retained political power since the year 1970 a nd left citizens with little power to participate in decision-making. Syria had a one-party-political system that was heavily dominated by the Assad’s family. Bashir failed to deliver on his promise of better reforms to diffuse power and give citizens a more political say over decisions that affected them directly. The poor economic situation in Syria also caused the revolution. The government reforms opened doors to private investors. The privatization favored families that had close links to the Assad’s family.

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Essay - 1

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Finance - Essay Example Merit pay refers to an approach that is used to compensate and reward teachers based on their performance. This is done through incentives such as additional pay. Numerous counties and district schools have implemented merit pay based on student attainment test scores. The pay increment is based on goals and achievements set by the school administrator or the principal. Debates on the implementation of performance pay have resulted to heated debates by authors, scholars and even political leaders. Various individuals have supported it citing advantages while others have fought against its adoption citing its disadvantages. Brimley and Garfield (2008) assert that employment of merit pay in an institution or region results to improved student and teacher performance. Arguably, researchers and authors note that rewarding teachers and tutors according to their efficacy would be coherent to management maxims from the private segment and would result to better student and teacher performan ce. Research indicates that merit pay contributes to student pay. Evidence has it that, in the implemented counties and states, more than 50 percent of the schools who have implemented merit pay perform better than the schools who have not implemented merit pay. From this, Brimley and Garfield (2008) note that the incentives acts as motivational factors that prompt teachers to work hard and perform better. Implementation of merit pay in Tennessee would lead to improved student and teacher performance. On the other hand, merit pay assists in recruitment and retention of teachers within the schools and the county. In reference to Brimley and Garfield (2008), schools that adopt merit pay approach attract competent and highly trained teachers than those who have not implemented the approach. Lower socioeconomic schools in Tennessee can use this approach to attract qualified teachers and tutors. Research has it that low socio-economic schools attract highly skilled teachers after adoptio n of merit pay. Debatably, merit pay programs can also lessen the challenge of teacher retention. Brimley and Garfield (2008) argue that performance pay motivates the teachers and helps in keeping the training teachers from leaving school and the profession. Merit pay can assist Tennessee County retain and attract competent and highly skilled personnel. Merit pay helps identify the best performers in schools and reward them according to their efforts. This, in turn, motivates the teacher to perform better and achieve better results. Adoption of merit pay by Tennessee County can assist in boosting teacher morale and in turn boost its performance. However, implementation of merit pay has arguments opposed to it. Numerous researches have shown that merit pay contributes to low teacher drive and poor results. According to Brimley and Garfield (2008), merit pay promotes unhealthy competition among teachers. All the teachers want to achieve high and receive rewards. This leads to reduced corporation among the teachers as one will feel that they are helping the other teacher attain high performance and get the reward. Research has shown that some of the teachers have gone to the extent of bribing and inducing students to rate or perform poorly in a teacher’s subject so that they may receive the award. This may lead to poor performance in the schools and the Tennessee County in general. In addition, a teacher’s merit is difficult to measure. According to Bri

Freedom of speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freedom of speech - Essay Example Freedom of speech Freedom of speech is one of the most valued rights of every citizen in the world. The following types of speech are not protected under the First Amendment: those that damage the reputation of another, those that stimulate illegal action, those directed to another person and would inflict injury or a fight and those that are found obscene according to the Miller test. In Miller vs. California, the court gave three points to use on deciding whether something could be described as obscene. These points were applied in the two cases which are the subjects of this paper. Both courts found that the first and second parts of the Miller test were fulfilled. As what had been stated in Skywalker vs. Navarro, Florida laws are very specific on what it considers as obscene. Although this writer agrees with Luke Records that since the judge referred to Florida’s criminal law description as to what is obscene proof beyond reasonable doubt, a requisite in a criminal case, should be presented , the writer also understands the first court’s opinion that the proceeding is not a criminal one and as such aspects of a criminal case is not necessary. The court only needs to review if the material meets Florida laws, as identified in the Miller test. This writer also agrees with the appellate court that the judge’s background in relation to the community referred to in the case is enough to satisfy the first part of the Miller test.... Lastly, as stated earlier, this writer is of the mind that the first court was correct in finding the material, as a whole, lacking of artistic value. True, the music is of hip-hop and rap, two of the most influential and popular kinds of music of the current generation. However, the object of the case in Skywalker vs. Navarro was not the music was a whole but the lyrics or the words in the songs as a whole. As such, â€Å"work, taken as a whole,† as stated in part three of the Miller test should be associated with only the entire lyrics found in As Nasty As They Can Be and not the songs which denotes music combined with lyrics. This writer believes that the appellants knew their album would be tagged as obscene because of the words that can be found there which is why they spent time and money recording and coming out with a â€Å"clean† version and even put a clear warning on the album. The only notable difference between the â€Å"clean† version and the versio n in question were the lyrics, which was really the main focus of the first case. The appellants’ witness who testified about the lyrics claimed that these are examples of musical and literary conventions even. This may be so. Nevertheless, this writer believes that given that because the appellants actually invested on creating a more wholesome version of the album in question, they are only using the First Amendment to protect themselves from further losing on the income they could still get from the album, which had already earned four times more than the album’s cleaner version. Works Cited: Luke Records, Inc. V. Navarro. 960 F. 2d. 134. United States Court of Appeals, 1992. Web. 23 November 2012. Skywalker Records, Inc. v. Navarro. 738

Preliminary investigation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preliminary investigation report - Essay Example The company's target markets include local clients as well clients from foreign countries. The company's mission is to be able to offer innovative, web-based software products for land and water resource managers requiring efficient information access for operational, tactical and strategic planning. In more specific terms, the company's long-term objectives include t he following points. Within 5 years, the company's hope to earn $10 million in gross revenues, have an annual profit of 30% after tax, increase forest industry market share by 15% annually in BC and Western US, penetrate one new vertical market per year, be able to maintain the growth rate of in the vertical market by adding one project or client on an annual basis, and break into the international market by snagging a minimum of international projects per year in Asia. Several concerns and opportunities were mentioned. The first is to establish the company as a household name when it comes to land management software. The company also hopes to establish itself as a big brand name in providing consultancy services, training, and customization in the said field. In order to establish itself as a market leader in the local scen... In order to establish itself as a market leader in the local scene, one should have a lot of customers. To rake in more sales, the company should be visible to potential clients locally as well as abroad. With this end in mind, the company is keen on putting up their own website. This will serve not only as a information center to current and potential clients but will bring in more sales what with the ease of availing products online and within the comforts of one's home. The company, being global in scale has recently felt that the market is too large to maintain strong relationships with all potential buyers. The company has been used to utilizing direct mail to attract new clients. However, this method does not ensure that the brochures and advertisement material are reaching the decision makers of the target companies. The current advertisement setup uses mail-outs to special groups which have been selected based on predefined criteria. These are sent out every 2-3 months. Instead of doing this, focus on the key persons for such companies, send them emails and find out how they will be able to use the software, and if possible, set up presentation meetings over lunch or dinner. This way, with a clear void to fill, the goal is more focused and a strategy to present the product in the best way possible to the potential customer can be formulated. Also, contingency plans can be setup in case the client rejects the first approach. Moreover, if the correspondences would prove that the prospect is a dead end, it should send the signal that it's time to move on to other prospects, thus saving time. To determine the contents for a website, the researcher should be familiar with the operations of the company. Before the interview sessions, the

Effective Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effective Advertising - Essay Example Advertising is one of the promotion tools that firms use to interact with the consumers. Known as above-the-line-promotion sometimes, it is a paid-for interaction with the customers to inform or persuade about the product the company is providing, e.g. TV or Magazine advertising. Advertisements are generally focused towards the right target market by opting for the right communication bridge i.e. Media. But it is also true that many people who are not willing or able to buy the product may see the advertisements too. Outstanding advertising operations can lead to increased consumer awareness and turnover for the product, thus positivity can be achieved such as brand loyalty. There are two types of advertising: Informative and Persuasive. Informative are adverts that give information to potential purchasers of a good, instead of just trying to create a name. Price or features of the product can be written on it, or to be more relevant, places where the product can be found. Firms use this type of advertising because it is effective when it is trying to stimulate introductory interest in consumers for the product that is not been known before, or trying to inform about the design or specifications. Another type of advertising is persuasive advertising. This is needed to create a distinctive notion of the product, although it doesn’t reveal all the information of the product i.e. price or place it can be found at, or materials used to create the product. It is rather done to ‘play’ with the minds of the consumers so that consumers can differentiate about the particular product and other products of the same kind available in the market. â€Å"The more informative your advertising, the more persuasive it will be.† (Shields, 2007). On the other hand, not all advertising is focused on the end user. One type of advertising is targeted at retailers to stock and sell products to consumers and, if possible, to provide a better image than rival products. This kind of product advertising is most used and printed in business journals and trade digests or business channels which mostly are not available to consumers but only to firms and businessmen. Advertising can be done in many ways. Advertising agencies can be there to provide these services. (Stimpson & Farquharson, 2010). Although it can prove to be expensive, these specialists can offer a complete effective advertising techniques and this can be precious to a business without its own marketing experts or to one that might have experiencing this for the first time. These agencies will charge substantial fees and do the job as: Researching the market, Use cost-effective advertising techniques, Using experts and creative heads to design, filming and printing the adverts, and assessing and monitoring the work done. Effective advertising is the targeting rightly at the right customers through the right media and the right time and marketing what the business has to offer u sing the most relevant and possible technique. Advertising can only be effective if the message has been received and inferred by the receiver (public), and the sender is satisfied that it has been conveyed properly. Key elements of effective advertising are: Transmitter or sender (Firm) Clear-cut delivery of the message Appropriate channel (way of advertising) Receiver (public) Feedback to assess the outcome Advertisements may be characterized into two categories â€Å"Branding† adverts or â€Å"Tactical† adverts for products specifically. This efficient method allows the company to promote a variety of products under its influence at the same time. â€Å"Tactical† advertisements – usually provide a solution to a particular problem. It gives the exact details of the product that is to be sold. Tactical advertisement usually leads to stiff competition from competitors in the industry. Recent researches have been conducted upon this notion whether advertis ing really increases the sales or brand value or not. According to the researches, NASCAR fans were

Preliminary investigation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preliminary investigation report - Essay Example The company's target markets include local clients as well clients from foreign countries. The company's mission is to be able to offer innovative, web-based software products for land and water resource managers requiring efficient information access for operational, tactical and strategic planning. In more specific terms, the company's long-term objectives include t he following points. Within 5 years, the company's hope to earn $10 million in gross revenues, have an annual profit of 30% after tax, increase forest industry market share by 15% annually in BC and Western US, penetrate one new vertical market per year, be able to maintain the growth rate of in the vertical market by adding one project or client on an annual basis, and break into the international market by snagging a minimum of international projects per year in Asia. Several concerns and opportunities were mentioned. The first is to establish the company as a household name when it comes to land management software. The company also hopes to establish itself as a big brand name in providing consultancy services, training, and customization in the said field. In order to establish itself as a market leader in the local scen... In order to establish itself as a market leader in the local scene, one should have a lot of customers. To rake in more sales, the company should be visible to potential clients locally as well as abroad. With this end in mind, the company is keen on putting up their own website. This will serve not only as a information center to current and potential clients but will bring in more sales what with the ease of availing products online and within the comforts of one's home. The company, being global in scale has recently felt that the market is too large to maintain strong relationships with all potential buyers. The company has been used to utilizing direct mail to attract new clients. However, this method does not ensure that the brochures and advertisement material are reaching the decision makers of the target companies. The current advertisement setup uses mail-outs to special groups which have been selected based on predefined criteria. These are sent out every 2-3 months. Instead of doing this, focus on the key persons for such companies, send them emails and find out how they will be able to use the software, and if possible, set up presentation meetings over lunch or dinner. This way, with a clear void to fill, the goal is more focused and a strategy to present the product in the best way possible to the potential customer can be formulated. Also, contingency plans can be setup in case the client rejects the first approach. Moreover, if the correspondences would prove that the prospect is a dead end, it should send the signal that it's time to move on to other prospects, thus saving time. To determine the contents for a website, the researcher should be familiar with the operations of the company. Before the interview sessions, the

Obesity in New Orleans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity in New Orleans - Essay Example That ... would be like a 5-foot-8-inch person weighing 197 pounds. The National Institutes of Health defines morbid obesity as a BMI above 40." (Graves). New Orleans is the city that loves to eat. It's no wonder, that this passion is reflected on the appearance and health of dwellers. The estimated quantity of overweight people in the New Orleans is 60% percent. The officials say it is obesity that is the cause for most diseases the New Orleans dwellers suffer from. They also add that the obesity-related diseases account for more than half of Louisiana's health care budget. (Sell) In 2005 Men's Fitness ranked New Orleans the seventh fattest city in the country. In 2004 it was on the twenty second place. The quantity of obese people in New Orleans is growing rapidly with each passing year, and thus the quantity of those, who suffer from the obesity-related diseases, also increases. New Orleans dwellers become less active, and eat more. One of the reasons of this process is that the fast foods are gaining popularity in New Orleans, the same as in the other American cities. The contemporary pace of life often doesn't allow time for cooking at home, thus the families either eat out, or order food home. It is rarely that families order home healthy foods like salad.

Three Men in a Boat Essay Example for Free

Three Men in a Boat Essay British humor is often hard to grasp for Indians, with their references and rambling. But Jerome K. Jeromehits the nail on the head with ‘Three Men In A Boat‘ and brings out British absurdities and traditions in a comic way. This book though meant to be a travelogue of sorts ended up, inexplicable as one of the most loved funny stories of all time. And even after 100+ years since publishing, the jokes remain fresh and witty! It outlines the story of three men – Jerome and his two friends, Harris and George and their dog, a fox terrier called Montmorency on their holiday on the River Thames in Oxford, England as the three men suffer from some weird ailment. So they set themselves off on a trip to cure themselves – a boating trip. Apparently, that was quite common in those times, which is around 1889 when the book was published. The travelogue portion is quite apparent as along the trip, Jerome mentions all the villages and landmarks they pass, such as Hampton Court Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island, Marlow etc and the few titbits about the culture in those places. But this, though intended to be the main part of the book was overshadowed by the comic instances that cropped up and the book gave up and now is just a humorous tale. Jerome often digresses and starts off random anecdotes and ponders upon life. From friends to friends-of-friends to historic characters, Jerome’s detours truly know no bounds. He gives up brilliant character sketches of not only Harris and George, but of Montmorency also. From how his Aunt Podger used to take a week long refuge at her mother’s place when Uncle Podger donned the role of a handyman trying to fix â€Å"little† things in the house to how the making of Irish Stew from all the leftovers compelled Montmorency to add his bit by bringing a dead-water rat, each episode will leave you giggling in delight. And the best is that it describes the common frustrations of life that you and I go through. The downside of the book is that the return journey back up the Thames is wrapped up in just one chapter which leaves you slightly hurt and bewildered at the sudden ending. But the wry and sarcastic humour and wit with the misadventures, exaggerations, mad caps, twists and sheer silliness in this P. G Wodehouse-y book leaves you pleasantly happy at the end. Of course, one can’t help but read this book in a proper British accent. Be it in their heads, or out loud. And that would be perfectly fine.

Argos Diesel Europe

Argos Diesel Europe The Case of the Floundering Expatriate 1a. Analysis of the case situation (what and why) 1b. Specific Cross Cultural Issues Argos Diesel Europe is experiencing cross-cultural challenges among various divisions of the company (Argos Diesel Europe, its European suppliers, local company employees and the new member an American expatriate). The company places high priority on achieving results, and it is conscious that in order to achieve their financial targets they must become an integrated team. However, the teams cultural diversity and lack of understanding for each others differences, demonstrates an intense friction and cohesiveness among members. Depending on the group members nationalities, each one has a different degree of expectation, motivation, participation and commitment. The main factors affecting the company from becoming an efficient cross cultural integrated team include: Lack of Open Communication among each other: ‘I tell you, Frank, theyre just going to have to join the rest of us in the postindustrial age, learn to do things the Argos way. * No direct confrontation to discuss the real issues and what can be done to improve problems (ex: Donaldson lack of cultural awareness and the effect on the company, group perception of him) (back talk) * Between Frank Waterhouse and Bert Donaldson (lack of communication as to what is expected from Bert, how he can better adjust to the culture, ways of solving friction between Bert and the team) * Between Frank Waterhouse and Bill Loan lack of understanding about each others necessities and overall company performance. Bill does not want to be bothered in solving the particular issues that the Zà ¼rich office is having. * Between Bert Donaldson and his department team * Between Bert Donaldson and the companys suppliers (as he delivered his speech, everyone in the audience was already familiar with his team-building plan) * Donaldson and Frau Schweri (manager) if proper communication was established at the beginning Frau Schweri could have assisted in setting up the meetings and familiarize Donaldson with the social/organisational etiquette * Arrival of trainers in Zà ¼rich Two year contract being offered to the trainers, â€Å"after Frau Schweri adviced him not to† 2. Lack of team collaboration * Lack of having an ‘open mind work approach * Individual vs collective attitude Examples: Franks self-centered attitude toward his own career plans in the US versus an overall attempt to ensure everyone in the team properly adjusts to changes in culture to ensure quality performance. Frank being one of the drivers for the European team program Emphasis should be on overall team performance and collaboration * Lack of response from managers to Donaldson multiple choice survey. ‘ * Group culture (not 1 way of doing things is better than another) everyone should cooperate and find a middle ground * Lack of synergy (no pattern of interaction that involves everyone) (Berger, 165, ch 165) * No formal support to Bert to ensure he becomes aware of the organization culture in Zà ¼rich / no support to Berts family (external and internal pressures) He is unintentionally offending colleagues No one confronts about the real problems (Waterhouse or Bert) * Team exclusion Bert is not part of Franks â€Å"inner circle† * Relationship conflict â€Å"interpersonal incompatibilities, including tension, animosity, and annoyance† (Chuang et al. 28) Between Bert and the European managers Between Bert and Jacob Hassler, VP of HR at Schwyz Turbines I told him I was interested in his ideas, so he pushed his chair back and said , ‘Please let me know what you expect. I reminded him that were on the same team, have only two more years for major change, gave him a week to get back to me with a few ideas, and you know what he said? He said, ‘Ja,ja. (Adler, p. 29) Between Bert an Ursula Lindt (regarding Berts reference to Bettina Schweri as a ‘secretary†, instead of referring to her with her appropriate title * All of them are back talking negatively about each other 3. Lack of understanding for cultural differences / cultural awareness * Lack of tolerance for individual differences (when things do not go as expected, European managers and administrative team I in Zà ¼rich becomes frustrated and complaint. Instead, they should be upfront and finding a solution/means to tell Bert what is expected of him, instead of seeing him fail. After all, the importance is to learn to overcome each others differences to ensure the company succeeds. * Stereotypes: ‘the American, ‘the Germans vs ‘the Portuguese * Difference in perception of time (punctuality, meeting duration, the ‘right time to be part of an international assignment) * Use of titles and names * Ways of addressing others (secretary versus manager) * Dress code (American trainers wearing Mickey Mouse sweaters) * Understanding of hierarchical organisations * Team involvement / management styles â€Å"management by walking† managers unresponsiveness to Donaldsons multiple-choice survey * Use of humor * Presentation style and amount of information covered (â€Å"bombardment of information†, not providing â€Å"enough background information†) * Networking (allow breaks in between presentations to allow people to interact) 4. Staff morale * Networking and socializing is a central part of Argos Zà ¼rich office culture * Differences in culture, work habits, and management styles are affecting the staff morale in the office 5. Culturally different leadership/working styles (Berger 162, cha 11) * â€Å"Management by walking† (Berts attempt to involve the entire department to obtain â€Å"ideas, plans, or solutions†) * Working habits (ex: working during lunch time and until midnight) * Presentation style, material covered, and duration (meetings running too short, or not allowing for enough breaks to network)  · Decision making (individual vs collective) 6. Difference in the levels of fluency of the common language * Everyone in the office, except from Bert is fluent in Swiss German * Berts lack of attempt to speak Swiss German is viewed negatively by the team As a leader it is expected to have basic command of the language Cross cultural issues and managerial issues The Case of the Floundering Expatriate Meeting 2 Thursday, October 22, 2009 2a. Action plan which Bert could present to his team on ways forward to address some of these issues Given that one of the main cultural issues faced by Bert and his team is lack of communication, before any of the following actions are implemented, Bert needs to establish a group meeting between key members (Frank, Frank Schweri, main suppliers). The meeting, which will be lead by an external facilitator, will allow everyone to share their concerns, open communication channels, relieve frustrations, share their opinions, and reach a consensus regarding the actions that everyone needs to take. Thus, allowing the team to improve their work relationship, morale, and work atmosphere. More importantly, during this first meeting, the group will complete and discuss Belbins team roles self-assessment. Subsequent to this meeting, Bert will also suggest weekly staff briefs to discuss current issues, in an open manner. In addition, he will present the following set of seminars and training sessions to address the teams main cultural issues. These sessions will be placed on a year trial period (which correlates with Berts evaluation period). 1. Intercultural communication seminar This seminar will allow the group to acquire the skills and techniques needed for a successful communication process by: * Establishing open/direct lines of communication * Learning how to communicate effectively with a culturally diverse workforce * Recognizing the importance of active listening * Learning the significance of verbal and non-verbal communication (tone of voice, proxemics, body position and gestures, facial expression, and eye contact) (Thomas 2008). 2. Cross-cultural/diversity awareness training (Thomas 2008) This training session will allow the team to improve interpersonal interaction among each other by: * Raising ‘level of awareness and sensitivity to diversity issues (Francesco et al. 2005). How to manage diversity (short and long term focus) Usefulness of cultural values differences among different ethnic groups Establishing ‘cultural advisory groups (Francesco et al. 2005). * Learning how to interact with different cultures Create awareness of diverse cultural and individual working, communication, behavioral, and presentation styles * Learning to ‘manage diversity effectively to ‘develop a competitive advantage (Francesco et al. 2005). * Learning about social customs, business etiquette and protocols in different countries (ex: Switzerland, United States, Great Britain) 3. Improving staff moral seminar ‘we all matter This session will allow Berts team to: * Establish ways of improving motivation and overall teams engagement * Learn the correlation between motivation and productivity * Creating a dynamic, positive and friendly workplace environment  · Establishing ‘values which play importance on satisfaction, morale, and loyalty (Berger, 1996, p. 22) 4. Interactive events encouraging diversity and team spirit To encourage interaction among team members, improve communication, cultural differences understanding, staff morale, and overall dynamics of the team and the environment they operate under, the following events could be suggested to take place:  · Friday staff breakfast meetings These sessions will allow all team members to obtain updates and have clear visibility of everyones activities, project, and companys current status These meetings will encourage open communication changes, team building exercises, and staff moral improvement  · Quarterly team challenge events (including: city challenges, bowling, boat trips, etc) These events will allow team members to interact in a non-working environment Positive moral, interaction, communication, and team synergy will be the main emphasis * Informal family-staff picnics 5. Conflict resolution seminar (Thomas 2008) Through role play, group discussions, and the use of case studies, the group will be able to:  · Learn the ‘background to conflict and the contribution they can make to either calming or escalating a confrontation (The conflict 2009) * Learn various approaches to dealing with different cultures and difficult colleagues * Learn how to structure and control a conversation (The conflict 2009) * Learn how to manage unpredictability (The conflict 2009) * Learn how to make concessions and reach agreements (Thomas 2008) * Learn how to employ the use of assertive communication 6. Constant feedback and evaluation of progress and training/seminar sessions (will create interactive synergy) While all of the above training and seminar sessions are imperative in dealing with individual cultural issues and group differences, as a continuous and recurring activity, the group must have established feedback and evaluation procedures. The feedback/evaluation process will allow the group to: * ‘Review the learning within the team learn from mistakes and share success (Berger 1996, p.175) * Evaluate the set goals, progress, areas requiring further intervention, and the overall effectiveness of the training and seminar sessions * Provide individual and group feedback to ensure everyone obtains an equal and fair opportunity to develop with the group and contribute to solve their cross-cultural issues. While the above training sessions and seminars will be suggested by Bert, careful consideration must be given to the implementation, cost, frequency, time constraints, evaluation and overall benefit of such sessions. Nevertheless, if implemented effectively, this action plan will ‘create a set of rules for the team, and help them develop ‘a shared team vision (Francesco et al., 2005, p.205). These activities will allow the team to discover ways of embracing their diversity, and use it as a ‘sustainable competitive advantage that will ultimately lead to superior performance and effective working relations (Von Berger et al., 2005, p. 2). The Case of the Floundering Expatriate Meeting 3 Monday, October 26, 2009 3. Action plan for Bert on the steps he needs to take in his own cross-international development to ensure he interacts effectively in this and future interactive work groups. In order for Bert to develop as an effective international leader, he needs to consider his current condition and future prospects. Given that he was not provided with any cultural training prior to his move to Switzerland, and due to the current turmoil, misunderstanding, and demands of his current role, the most effective and less time constraining activities during the present time will be the following. (These activities will be given a trial period of six months followed by an evaluation). 1. Cultural awareness training * This training will allow Bert to learn ‘major aspects of the host country culture, including customs, traditions, everyday behaviors (Francesco et al., 19998) * By developing his cultural awareness, Berts way of thinking will expand, and global mindset will broaden Bert will build up an understanding on how to create an environment of equal opportunities, while being flexible and sensitive to others differences He will be more receptive in learning about the needs and wants of others, while sharing openly common goals and values 2. Become involved in coaching and feedback sessions Bert should discuss with Frank the possibility of obtaining an internal coach (possibly Frank himself). The goal for Frank, Bert, and the entire company is to reach successful results. Hence, it s to the advantage of Bert and Frank that bonds are established so that they can discuss openly their feelings, expectations, and more importantly a change of action. During these coaching sessions Bert can: * Access his complete a free online ‘Cultural Orientation Framework (COF) (www.philrosinski.com) in order to identify his ‘existing orientations and to examine other alternatives (Rosinski et al., 2008, p. 258). The COF can be used with his coach to: evaluate cultures, find out new ways to create solutions, ‘envision a desired culture, and learn to use diversity as a source of action and cooperation (Gilbert et al., 2008, p. 88). * Use the GROW Model of Coaching to: Set up SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound) goals for the short and long term Obtain a reality check to analyse his current situation Explore his options and alternative courses of action ‘Wrap-up, decide what he needs to do, his will to do, and by when (Gilbert, 2009, p.8) * Use the ‘Global Coaching Process to access his ‘desires, strengths, weaknesses, present situation and preferences in an attempt to evaluate the expectations of his group members (Rosinski et al. 270) 3. Interaction with team members A key to a leaders success is having the correct networking ability to connect and interact with others. Hence, while long working days, ineffective communication, and lack of cooperation has been present in his team. As a director, Bert should try be more charismatic, share a few lunch breaks with his team, or even try to interact outside of work. This will allow him the possibility to see his colleagues and team members in a richer cultural and analytical context. In future assignments it is crucial that Bert is culturally better prepared prior to actually relocating to a new country. In order to do this, Bert should suggest to the company that not only him, but all individuals and their families who will be embarking on an international assignment undergo the following programme: 1. Country Briefings 2. Reading assignments Focusing on the culture of the specific country or region How to interact and do business with different cultures Provide access to similar electronic sources to accompanying family members 3. Informal chats with employees who have acquired experience in a particular country 4. Basic language courses to employees and their families Twice a week for a minimum period of 5 weeks 5. In country training an development New expatriates should be assigned a mentor/coach with the particular country relevant experience. The coach/ mentor will not only assist the expatriate in his development and acculturation to the new corporate environment. He/she will also assist the expatriate and his/her family to get accustomed to the new country, help them find schools, jobs for their partners, etc. 6. Repatriation Within a month of Once return to their home country, after completing their international assignment, expatriates should be required to review their Personal Development Plans, success/failure of their assignment, and lessons learnt with their provided HR business partner and coach/mentor. (Eangle, p. 294) Berts current situation demonstrates to the company, that the culture of the organization must be adjusted in order to foster successful cross-cultural assignments where It needs to promulgate coaching, mentoring, and adapt to potential new ideas and ways of doing for their employees and their families prior to departure. While cost and resources might prove to be a challenge for the company, the overall success of expatriate assignments, lie on the success of the cultural awareness pre-departure programme. â€Å" An effective international manager needs to develop skills for understanding an managing diversity. Since different cultures have various approaches to diversity, it is important to understand these approaches and the potential impact they could have on the manager† (Francesco et al., 2005, pp 209). Working Together and Cross Cultural Issues Culture is central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express ourselves, and there are various varieties that lie within. For example, Different Communication Styles where as a group we had diverse ways of doing that varied widely between us. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of yes varies from maybe, Ill consider it to definitely so, with many shades in between. Therefore we found that it took some time to agree with each other about certain points but always came to a conclusion or harmony in the end. Secondly we had different approaches to Completing Tasks From culture to culture; there are different ways that people move toward completing roles or projects. Some reasons include different access to resources; different judgments of the rewards associated with task completion, different notions of time, and varied ideas about how relationship-building and task-oriented work should go together, but found that everyone worked well together to find appropriate data that was relevant to the actual task and respected asked criteria. Finally we had a complete group where everyone had a particular role to complete, and worked well within the context to find an applicable solution to the case for answering adequately. References 1 Berger, M. (1996) Cross-Cultural Team Building: guidelines for more effective communication and negotiation. London, McGraw-Hill, Chapter 2, 11, pp. 22, 175. Francesco, A.M. and Gold, B.A. (2005) International Organizational Behavior, Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., Chapter 10, pp. 204-206. The Conflict Training Company (2009) Conflict Management Training. The Conflict Training Company Ltd [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.conflict-training.co.uk/conflict_management_training.php?gclid=CPiegujYw50CFUtp4wodBnx8sQ [Accessed 17 October 2009]. Thomas, D.C. (2008) Cross-Cultural Management Essential Concepts, 2nd Edition, Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp: 131-137, 187. Von Bergen C.W., Parnell J.A. (2005) ‘Workforce Diversity and Organisational Performance, Equal Opportunities International, Vol.24, No 3/4, p. 2. References 2 Francesco, A.M. and Gold, B.A. (1998) International Organizational Behavior, Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., p. 175. Gilbert, K. and Rosinski, P (2008) ‘Accessing cultural orientations: the online Cultural Orientations Framework Assessment as a tool for coaching. Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice. Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2008, p. 88 Gilbert, K. (2009) ‘Week 4: Coaching and Mentoring Across Cultures. International Management Competencies. Slides 8, 9. Rosinski, P. and Abbott, G (2006) Evidence Based Coaching Handbook; Putting best practices to work for your clients. MyLibrary [Online]. Available at: http://opac.brookes.ac.uk/www-bin/ejnls?CN=S0016895OX (Accessed: 23 October 2009).

A Definition of a Friend Essay example -- Definition Friends Friendshi

A Definition of a Friend Friendship is not simply a "relationship", knowing someone, conversing with that person, or dealing with that person in business, school, or in casual acquaintance. True friendship is not just a "relationship", but self-sacrificing love. A friend is also one who supports, sympathizes, and is a person in whom you can confide. There are unique qualities that a person must have to be considered a friend. An acquaintance is not automatically considered a friend. Just because you know someone does not mean there is an instant friendship.This does not mean that an acquaintance cannot change into a valued friendship. There are qualities that a friend must have, but time is also a factor. A friendship can develop in as short as a day, or it could take as long as a few years for full development.In the end, if time is taken for full development, then a real friendship will develop.The main way that trust is built up is with time. When you and a friend have trust, there will usually be a strong friendship. When there is no time spent together, then th...

Robotics in the Medical Field Essay -- Robotic Surgery, Technology Ad

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a surgical robot, which is operated by the doctor himself using a controlled manipulator (Declan et al.). Prior to the invention of robot-assisted surgeries, most surgeons simply did a typical laparoscopic surgery on a patient. Laparoscopic surgery is â €Å"a type of surgery performed through several small incisions, rather than one (or more) large ones as in standard "open" surgery† (Schmitz). Through the development of superior technology, such as the surgical robot; it brought about changes that effected doctors, patients, and the medical world. A robot-assisted surgery demonstrates how far America and the whole world have come in means of technology within a particular working field. The necessity for a more superior technology within hospital settings are best supported by the development of the da Vinci Surgical System. In 1991, when the surgical system was introduced to the globe, many acknowledged that this system improved three different aspects of regular laparoscopic surgery: it gave doctor... ...y within a medical setting has stepped away from the shadows and into a brighter future with the development of the da Vinci Surgical System in the medical world. Before the surgical robot, doctors or surgeons would have had to make several incisions to their patient’s body, which would cause the patients recovery to be elongated and possibly painful. The da Vinci Surgical System allows surgeons to make smaller, less visible incisions to the patient’s body and have a better precision during the procedure. Throughout several years, surgeons relied on their typical laparoscopic surgery to be able to provide patients with the procedures that required them to make large incisions through the patient’s abdomen. Nowadays, surgeons and their patients can have a sigh of relief because the surgical robot provides surgeons with the precision that they long strived for.

Individual Report (Hrm) Essay

According to the chairman of Woolworths, James Strong, â€Å"One of the most significant factors contributing to the country’s outstanding performance is the quality of its people†. According to him involvement and development of people possessing high quality is very important for an organization to succeed (Stone, 2011). Now a day’s workforce is the main factor of organization’s competitive advantage. The workforce is intangible assets of organizations. To gain a competitive advantage, the part of human resource is the best ever, because it is taken as a wealth success as well as the main component of sustainable competitive advantage (Memon, Mangi, & Rohra, 2009). Human Capital includes the skill, attitudes and knowledge of the employees. Today, all the organization maintains sustainable value in the market, so that they mostly use intangible assets as human capital (Javadein, Estiri, & Ghorbani, 2011). When a human capital is valuable, rare and hardly capable it creates a sustainable competitive advantage. For example given below: Table 1: Human capital and Competitive advantage Performance Type of competitive advantage Hardly capable of imitation Rare Valuable Below average Competitive loss —- — No Average Competitive balance —- No yes Above average Temporary competitive advantage No yes yes Above average Sustainable competitive advantage yes yes yes Source: (Colella & Miller, 2006) All researchers are own vision but of this concept as Wright, et al, 1994 indicates that they meet the criteria for human resource Barney is a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Guest said in 1990 if management trusts employees and give difficult tasks, workers will reply high motivation, commitment and high performance (Jassim, 1987) to respond. This means that in recent years the sources of sustainable competitive advantage technological, financial but now to human. In other words, we can say that achievement now depends on employees’ skills, confidence and capacity obligations. 2Competitive Advantage Competitive advantage is achieved when a business produces extra profits which are greater than its competitors due to making exclusive product pricing or supply advantage (The VisionLink Advisory Group, 2012). And if the company is to create value over time, the policy the same as another potential competitor also done, but other companies are not able to reap the fruits of this policy to duplicate, then you can say that the organization continues to sustainable competitive advantage. For better compete in the market the capable employees of the successful companies make a product unique, use some different activities and they focus on all of energy areas which affect the organization to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. The Competitive Advantage Process   Image2: Competitive Advantage Process Source: (http://www.vladvisors.com/) According to this Michael Porter’s say that: â€Å"At the time a firm gets profits more than industrial average profit, then the firm possesses competitor advantage over its competitors† (The VisionLink Advisory Group, 2012). Employees play vital roles to achieve the targets which set by organization so instead of this organization also know that to achieve the sustainability in the market so the factor is capable employees. 3Significance of the Study â€Å"The human element has become important information that comes has an essential element to obtain a competitive advantage, especially in the new economic environment.† The objective of this work is to define the importance of workforce in organizational performance and some models of the strategic direction of the organization to describe. These models make it for this individual report to explain the capable workforce is the main resource of competitive advantage. In these models shows that how the workforce can help to organization in stay sustained competitive in the market. To use these models finds that which are the capable employees in organizations will achieve competitive advantage in the market. (Bernardin & Russell, 1998). This effort shows that organization understand the importance of human resources in formulating planning and execution to achieve a competitive advantage. 4Capable Workforce can deliver sustainable competitive advantage Fig3: Adapting these things to develop a Sustain Competitive Advantage Source: (http://www.growourregion.ca) In today’s world if an organization needs to have a growth in present economic environment then it should have more and proper focus on its workforce. The ability to reduce costs, productivity and competitive advantage in the management depends upon the employee’s capability. Sustainable competitive advantage means that the employees of the company always focus on the maintenance and improvement in the enterprises, so the organization easily competes in the market. This competitive advantage helps every business to stand against its rivals in a long run. (Kotelnikov, N.D). Some example according to sustain competitive advantage: 4.1Example: IBM With the talent and experience of professional manpower the IBM deployed worldwide, the organization and practice of people is part of IBM Global Business Services. IBM consultants have a proven track record in creating value for customers with our proven assets, methodology, partnerships and research capabilities; we act as business advisors trust for our customers worldwide (Brousseau, N.D.). 4.2Literature Review of Workforce Workforce is supposed to be major part of the organization. In recent years organization ignored workforce strategies, but after see the importance and control organization began to understand that human resources is essential to create and maintain a competitive advantage. Most of theories show that workforce should be included at the time of formulation of any strategy in the organization. According to Stone 1998 shows that whenever organizational need to formulate new strategy that time they requires identifications of resources, analysis the whole structure and balance the externalities coming from outside or inside the organization at that time workforce plays a very important role (Memon et al., 2009). Workforce is major resource of sustainable competitive advantage. Workforce give helps to organization’s to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through cost management and differentiation. 4.2.1Example: Uk Airlines In this example tell about employees of UK airlines give efforts to utilize the image of airlines in the minds of its customers. The most excellent airline are those which always do our promises to their customers and always make significant value for them, but this thing possible when the employees of the company give better results. In this Airlines Company employee’s plays very vital role for spread image of airline in the market and responsible for deliver promises to our customers, so that airlines company easily achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the market (Study-Aids, 2010). 5Workforce and Sustained Competitive Advantage: For achieving goals, firstly represent the review of the resource-based view of the firm. And after this concept tell about function of workforce in sustainable competitive advantage. 5.1The Resource-Based View of the Firm According to resource-based firm organization literature shows that the theories of profit and competition are related with the writing of Ricardo (1817), Schumpeter (1934). And in this they both mainly focus on the workforce of the business success as the main determinants in the competition (WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). 5.2Workforce affects the sustainability of the organization It is clear that most of the organizations suggest that workforce is the key point of competitive advantage in the world. Workforce is the key point of sustained competitive advantage in the market because less visible role compared to others. Employees working in the organization can play a very important role in production of product and services because the employees are directly involved in it. All these things displayed by the workforce are capable of a sustainable competitive advantage. 5.3Workforce Role in the Sustained Competitive Advantage First, in a static environment, a high level of workforce must have a number of bodies ‘to have productive advantages over its competitors by developing more efficient methods to meet the requirements of the task (Hunter & Hunter, 1984). On the other hand, the dynamics environments some workers affected by the increased efficiency adapted to the individual capacity of the environment. 5.4Function of Manager to rising workforce While managers were greatest impact on business results. It plays vital function in the development of workforce as a competitive advantage continuously (WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). According to resource-based view shows all managers are ability to control the characteristics of their business. 5.4.1Example: Honda Last 40 years the Honda had a manufacturing work plants in the United States. In U.S. economy Honda has large growth and spreading out in terms of dollars and number of employees. But the success of the Honda’s depends upon the company employees (Child, 1972). 6Employees Personal Characteristics under Workforce These are some personal Characteristics for employees by which they achieve goals in the company and other side easily achieves sustain competitive advantage in the organization. Such that including aggressiveness, Confidence, poise, decisiveness, toughness, integrity and quick thinking (Child, 1972). Skills: The most important skills for employees to sustainable competitive advantage in the organization are: 1)Communication Skills: Employees have good communication skills by this they easily do business globally which effect organization preview. 2)Organization skills: This is the vital factor for good management. These skills included in the employees having good planning, analytical and goal-setting abilities by through this they achieve good reputation of organization in the market which makes the sustainable competitive advantage. 3)Coping Skills: Employees have flexible and creative were involved in effectively coping with change, as were patience and persistence. These all good skills in employees affect the organization image in the market. 4)Technical skills: If managers have good background in their field so it achieves the objectives of the organization and done the things more efficiently which affects the sustainability of the organization. 7Conclusions Today, intangible assets play an important role in the competitiveness of enterprises, more durable and less active that can be replicated. Workforce can be considered as one of the most important intangible assets, including the knowledge and skills. As a result, management has the capital necessary to achieve competitiveness. The reason of this analysis is verify the capable labor market is the important factor for the organization. By preparing this individual report using some theoretical concepts, which shows that capable workforce is the source of sustainable competitive advantage. 8Reference Bernardin, H., & Russell. (1998). Human Resource Management. A Experimental Approach. 2 Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill. Brousseau, D. (n.d.). Organization & Workforce Transformation. Retrieved from http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/strategy/talent-and-workforce-management.html Colella, A., & Miller, C. C. (2006). Organizational Behavior: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley, New York. Memon, D. M. A., Mangi, R. A., & Rohra, D. C. L. (2009). Human Capital a Source of Competitive Advantage â€Å"Ideas for Strategic Leadership.† Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.ajbasweb.com/ajbas/2009/4182-4189.pdf Javadein, S., Estiri, M., & Ghorbani, H. (2011). The Role of Internal Marketing in Creation of Sustainable Competitive Advantages. Retrieved from http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=tasr.2011.364.374&org=10 Jassim, R. K. (1987). Competitive Advantage Through the Employees. Retrieved from http://www.my-world-guide.com/upload/File/Reports/e/egipt/Competitive%20Advantage%20Through%20the%20Employees.pdf The VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). Creating and Sustaining a Competitive Advantage – The Role and Impact of Effective Compensation and Rewards Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Role-of-Effective-Compensation-Competitve-Advantage-article.aspx The VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). How Do I Create a Competitive Advantage with My Compensation Programs? Retrieved from http://www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Competitive-Advantage-with-Compensation-article.aspx Kotelnikov, V. (N.E). Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Retrieved from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/sca_main.html WRIGHT, P. M., & McMcMAHAN, G. C. (1993). Human Resources And Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective. Retrieved from http://ceo.usc.edu/pdf/T9319239.pdf Child, J. (1972). Human Resource Management (Competitive advantage). Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/human-resource-management-competitive-advantage-1928241 Study-Aids. (2010). Employee Branding as a Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage A Study of Two UK Airlines. Retrieved from http://www.study-aids.co.uk/marketing/market0057.html Hunter, J., & Hunter, R. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative