Theories About Female Sexuality and Race from the Past essays

Speculations About Female Sexuality and Race from the Past articles The past of the clinical calling has a few gooney birds dispersed all through its worshipped history. This report centers around two of those not really splendid beginnings. The report endeavors to give a knowledge into how the nineteenth century's clinical and mainstream researchers utilized logical separation strategies, for example, the hypotheses about female sexuality and race. In spite of the fact that the report is certifiably not a full audit of the two alloted diary articles, they were the hotspot for answer the relegated questions concerning nineteenth century clinical methods of reasoning. Each article introduced verifiable records of the assessments of experts at that point. The suppositions were debasing to both the female sexual orientation and to people of various races for example, the Irish and Blacks of England. The primary article introduced authentic records about female nymphomania and male Satyriasis. The meaning of nymphomania in the nineteenth century was altogether different from what we know as nymphomania today. In the nineteenth century, be that as it may, nymphomania was accepted to be a particular natural infection, classifiable, with an expected arrangement of side effects, causes, and medicines. Like liquor addiction, compulsion to steal, and arsonist tendencies - infections that were distinguished in the mid-nineteenth century - a finding of nymphomania depended on showed conduct. Inordinate female sexual want is, be that as it may, a considerably more equivocal idea than ongoing inebriation, shoplifting, or setting fires. Consider the accompanying instances of nymphomania analyzed in the second 50% of the nineteenth century. Through the span of the nineteenth century, nymphomania was analyzed in various manners. Nymphomania was considered as a lady having or wanting an excessive amount of copulation or stroking off something over the top. In any case, by the present gauges, the ladies analyzed were most likely very ordinary as well as solid. Nymphomania was as a matter of fact observed as an indication or a reason for malady. ... <!

What are some guidelines that would help one achieve individuality Essay

What are a few rules that would assist one with accomplishing uniqueness - Essay Example Various individuals require distinctive condition to create and there is no single life design reasonable for everybody (Ten, 1980). On singularity, John Stuart Mill suggests that individuals ought not follow the custom since it is the standard. Accommodating would just contrast people with chimps and sheep, which depend on workforce of impersonation (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Rather, Mill needs individuals to pick their course of life all the more brilliantly putting together their choices with respect to their own encounters. Accomplishing distinction is needy of reflection and consideration. This includes utilization of particular human resources including judgment, discernment, mental movement, discriminative inclination and good inclination (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Since singular natures are not straightforward, individuals experience living, ponder and consider these encounters and get exercises from them. Following the exercises, an individual should then make right inductions with respect to what is progressively reasonable for them (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Considering Mills’ backing for creating uniqueness, Vincent Ruggiero (2008) gives four stages that go about as rules to help with accomplishing singularity. The initial step as per Ruggiero (2008) is treating an individual’s first response to someone else, circumstance or issue with doubt (Ruggiero, 2008). An individual ought not from the start grasp that feeling or response without looking at the explanation concerning why they responded in such a way. Individuals, issue or circumstances bring out sentiment of bliss, stun, dissatisfaction or hurt. It is significant that an individual, before disguising these inclination, comprehends why they happened in any case. The subsequent advance includes choosing why they responded as they did during the experience. At this stage, if conceivable an individual ought to figure out what explicit

Intentional Theories of Perception - 1375 Words

Intentional Theories of Perception (Essay Sample) Content: Intentional theories of perceptionStudents nameInstitutional AffiliationCourseDateIntroductionPerception is a concept that covers the manner in which individuals identify, organize, and interpret information to help them in understanding their environment. There are many theories, explanations, and concepts that have been advanced by numerous groups and individuals to study it (Strawson, 2008). Intentional theories of perception accept Representational Principle, and treat visual experiences as a kind of propositional attitude in which subjects take the attitude of perceiving toward an intentional content. As pointed out by Strawson (2008), there are numerous theories, concepts, and explanations that have been advanced by various individuals to capture issues pertaining perception and other related aspects. Intentional approach perception through a number of theories and concepts is quite essential in facilitating the understanding of several aspects associated wi th perceptions and also helps in establishing mechanisms of addressing the challenges being faced by them to lead to favorable solutions.The paper is going to argue in favor of the fact that the intentional theories of perception are indeed essential in facilitating proper understanding of the world and life at large. This shall be achieved by relying on two intentional theories of perception advanced by Anscombe and Armstrong that focused on helping the society to understand the information regarding perception and other related issues. There shall be an explanation of these two theories together with addressing how they overcome the challenges associated with perception. The problems will be based on illusions and hallucinations, which will have to be overcome via various deliberate measures. The key steps that are going to be followed are covering each of the above named theories separately and eventually linking them to achieve a collective goal, which is to portray how percepti ons are useful in everydays life of society members.The theories of perception are meant to capture the entire issue of thinking and perception of things and ideas regarding the environment of individuals. It is evident that individuals are enhanced with the ability to think and perceive the things in their environment in their diverse ways (Fish, 2010). Perceptions are meant to help individuals and the society at large on how to identify, organize, and interpret the sensory information their disposal to help in presentation and understanding of the environment. There are instances where perceptions are embedded in both imagination and experience to help people in understanding their environments in advanced ways. Perception is meant to help people to come up with ideas regarding various aspects that they want to see in their environments and situations. The intentional theory of perception treats the entire perceptual experience as a form of mental or intentional representation. A n intentional state of mind is one that represents something about the world. The theory holds that not everything that is perceived to be true is that way since perceptions can easily be affected by hallucinations and illusions, which lead to massive misrepresentations if ideas and scenarios. There are various intentional theories like Anscombe of 1965, Armstrong of 1968, and Dretske of 1969 among others that capture issues surrounding intentional perception. Anscombe had drawn his attention to the idea that perceptual verbs are normally used to satisfy the tests for non- intentionality or intentionality. Armstrong argues that the perception has to be taken as a form of belief. He observed that belief is an intentional state since it represents the world to be a certain way and the way in, which it represents the entire world to be is said to be its intentional content (Strawson, 2008). He says that the perception is a representation of the world. He goes ahead to state that it r epresents the world to be like its intentional content. The fact that an individual can have a perceptual experience that b is W without there being anything like W is taken as a reason for him saying that the perception is just but a form of belief-acquisition.These theories are majorly designed and advanced to capture the nature of intentional perceptual experience as well as the status of perceptual data that is useful in determining how that experience relate to knowledge or beliefs of the world. Among the Intentionalists theories, there is the representationalism that claims that the phenomenology of visual experience is determined by its content. Perception is concerned with how individuals visualize objects and situations in their environment thus informing both their actions and decisions.Intentional theories have managed to overcome most of the challenges posed by perception in various scenarios. One of the most contagious and serious errors associated with the theories of perception is inability to reconcile some of the apparently naked truths about peoples experience of the world with the likely possibility of various kinds of perceptual error. According to Strawson (2008), the source of this error is embedded in the fact that perceptual experience deals with the openness to the world, which is mostly threatened by hallucinations and illusions. The above explained intentional theories of perception can be used to respond to such threats since they give accounts of perception that preserves what is taken to be central or essential features of perception.The theories discussed above are of the view that people have different perceptions of things and issues that happen in their lives. It is evident that each normally tries to perceive his environment in a manner that tends to suit his imaginations based on his abilities. Hallucinations and illusions are the greatest threat to the intentional theories of perception since they tend to reduce them to no thing in most scenarios. Illusions lead to numerous flaws when it comes to perceptions in the sense that it leads to situations where physical objects that are actually perceived appears to be in a different state or form from the perceived ones. Hallucinations are where things are perceived to be real when the state of mind of the individual in question is not as independent as possible (Fish, 2010). Both hallucinations and illusions do not necessarily involve deception though they represent a failure in the ability of a people to perceive things and situations in the right way.There are various advantages associated with the theories of perception that have been discussed in this paper. The theory advanced by Anscombe is concerned with the generalization of ideas among individuals. An individual may be thinking about many things at ago thus making it hard for the analysts to establish since they may find it hard to infer in any case that somebody is thinking about a particular sce nario at a given instance. Such a scenario leads to massive intentional generalizations that make it hard for various perceptions to be drawn. It shows that the perception allows ideas to be generalized to a level where the amount of information at the disposal of individuals becomes too general. Armstrongs theory is concerned with the idea of belief. The theory is advantageous in the sense that it captures issues relating to belief that result from perceptions (Strawson, 2008). It is noted that individuals normally perceive events and ideas in their lives differently. There is always a manner in, which an individual can perceive things in a particular way thus leading to his belief.There are also various disadvantages that are associated with these theories since they tend to suffer from illusions and hallucinations. The generalization base upon, which Anscombe built his theory, was quite susceptible to various weaknesses coming from the illusions (Fish, 2010). People tend to gener alize their perceptions to a level where they end up not establishing anything constructive from them. Such generalizations are quite subjective in nature and can easily be affected by hallucinations depending on the mental state of an individual.Majority of the critics of the intentional theories point out the fact that they often f...

Detective Fiction And Crime Fiction - 1511 Words

Detective fiction has often been perceived as a lesser form of literature. Many scholars believe that detective fiction is below average in quality and does not offer much more beyond entertainment. Time and time again detective fiction has been belittled for its quality of literature, being place below other genres. Some scholars have come to the defense of detective fiction. Scholar R. Austin Freeman stated, â€Å"The status of the whole class has been fixed by an estimate formed from inferior samples† (Freeman) and this is true. Detective fiction has been plagued with average works, however, it does offer more than just a story about crime. Detective fiction can be used as a medium to comment on social issues. Early in the 20th century, the United States was still battling an epidemic of racism and violence towards african-americans. Continual incidents of lynchings, beatings, and verbal abuse barraged the african-american community. During this time period, detective fict ion was used to comment on this racial inequality by pushing for equality through underlying themes in stories. Detective fiction offered works that were extremely progressive in regards to their comments on racial inequality. â€Å"Talma Gordon† written in 1900 by Pauline Hopkins is a testament to that. The story begins with a group of upper class men having a discussion in the Canterbury Club in Boston. The men are discussing their views on interracial marriage. Many in the club hypothesized that interracialShow MoreRelatedThe Mystery Of Detective Fiction1648 Words   |  7 PagesDetective Fiction exists as one of the most popular fiction genres of all-time. Detective fiction uses facts and other details to solve a mystery which surrounds a perplexing murder in a novel. Many people gain excitement over a challenge or a test of knowledge when solving a puzzle. A puzzle may baffle or confuse the puzzler; therefore, the puzzler likes to solve the puzzle before the ending . People enjoy the experience of sheer satisfaction of solving a mystery before ending the literaryRead MoreCompare The Speckled Band, The Red Headed League and Silver Blaze as Examples of Detective Fiction1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe birth of classic detective fiction was originated just in the mid nineteenth century, and was producing its own genre. Classical detective fiction follows a set of rules called the ‘Ten commandments of detective fiction’. The genre is so popular it can bee seen by the number of sales in any good book stores. Many of these books have been created a long time ago and there is still a demand for these types of books. The popularity is still ongoing because it provides constant entertainment, andRead More Detective Fiction Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesinteresting. This proves to be particularly important in detective fiction as well. What could be more interesting than having a crime committed in front of you, given all (or most) of the details and still not be able to figure it out? This is exactly how detective fiction authors draw people into these stories and books. By weaving an intricate and interesting plot full of fascinating characters, and all types of details about the crime, readers get drawn into the plot and cannot stop reading untilRead MoreThe History of the Hard-Boiled Detective Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagessub-genres of detective fiction and hard-boiled fiction is one of them. What exactly is hard-boiled detective fiction? Hard-Boiled detective fiction is fiction that features tough, cynical, urban private eyes who expose corruption and frequently get injured in the course of their investigations (Detective Fiction, Literary). 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This paper seeks to discuss, with references to the fictions of Agatha Christie and other canonical Golden Age texts, why the Detection fiction of the interwarRead MoreThe Postman Always Rings Twice By Dashiell Hammett And The Maltese Falcon As A Hard Boiled Story950 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Works The following list is a great start for those who want to read the classic hard-boiled stories that have defined what is meant by a hard boiled fiction. The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett. The Postman Always Rings Twice by James M Cain. It caused a scandal with its explosive mix of violence and sex. The torrid story of Frank Chambers, the amoral drifter, Cora, the sullen and brooding wife, and Nick Papadakis, the amiable but inconvenient husband, has become a classic of its kindRead MoreThe Comic Stumptown By Greg Rucka And Matthew Southworth And The Retro Audio Podcast Nick Carter Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesSouthworth and the retro audio podcast Nick Carter: Master Detective starring Lon Clack portray the different roles of women in detective fiction. Nick Carter was on the radio from 1943 to 1955, and represents more traditional roles for gender. Over the 125 episodes, the radio show followed detective Nick Carter and his female assistant, Patsy on different crime scene investigations. Carter was also able to solve seemingly impossible crimes by looking at unique angles. Stumptown was published in 2011Read MoreThe Purloined Letter Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagesclassify the ‘Purloined Letter’ a detective fiction or mystery? --------------------------------------------------------------- To categorise texts, allows us to view the world from another perspective, and make sense of the world. This is the function of genre. This allows the responder to class texts even further into sub genres, which have conventions they follow to. Such as Edgar Allen Poe’s ‘The Purloined Letter’ can be classified into the genre of crime, yet can also be interpreted to fitRead MoreIsolation in Detective Fiction Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn detective fiction, authors create chaos, which they balance with a sense of structure and reason. They implement many elements to entice the reader to continue with the detective on his quest to solve the riddle and defeat the chaos, which can be divided into two sections: noticeable chaos and silent chaos. Noticeable chaos includes elements such as murder and thievery, obvious aspects of detective fiction that make the reader cringe. Silent chaos, on the other hand, includes locked rooms andRead MoreCritical Analysis of the S kull Beneath the Skin Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagestypical of the crime genre, however P.D. James has somewhat subverted the genre. The novel incorporates a combination of Intuitionist, Realist and Hard Boiled styles of crime fiction. Usually crime novels fall into one of the three afore mentioned styles. Although obviously an Intuitionist or classically styled crime novel, Skull beneath the Skins as I have previously stated incorporates all three creating a unique novel while still following the traditions and conventions of the crime genre. This can

The Search For The Perfect School System Essay - 1731 Words

Building Citizens, Not Minions The search for the perfect school system is an ongoing task in America. Everyone wants to see the nation’s students successful because of their hard work in school. Many believe that the best way for our students to succeed is through an equal set of standards for all schools in every state, which is precisely what Common Core State Standards set out to accomplish: to provide the same set of academic standards for schools in every state to better improve equality and increase the readiness for college and future careers. The results, however, are largely debated. People are wondering whether Common Core, often referred to as CC or CCSS, and its techniques are truly the best methods of schooling for America, and what should really determine the progress of students. America needs to make sure that changes made to the school system focuses on allowing students the time and means to fully master their topics and discover who they are. Common Core State Standards focusses on making the standards for reading, writing, and math the same for all states in America, which has brought changes to the way children in kindergarten through twelfth grade are taught. As said in Amanda Thomas and Alden J. Edson’s article, â€Å"How Common is the Common Core?† the key differences brought by Common Core include, but are not limited to, â€Å"grade-level shifts, organizational differences . . . emphasis and de-emphasis of particular topics . . . and new approaches toShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am A Mom947 Words   |  4 PagesWhile growing up, I always wanted to be a mom. I believed I would have the perfect kids. And I would be, the understanding, calm and collective mom. However, when I had my son, all those beliefs went out of the window. I had to change my belief system. And learn to deal with acceptance, patience and organization. When my son was born, he was perfect. He was born without any health concerns. 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Brand Ambassador free essay sample

Brand Ambassadors serve as the face of their client company at promotional events. They offer the company a chance to make a good impression on prospects. An effective brand ambassador is one who is interested in the product they are promoting, who can easily connect with the product. During the live brand experience they become the identity of the brand, because they are the only human interface between the brand personality and the consumer. They are the people who have the potential to appeal to the desires of the participants and strengthen their relationship with the brand. [1] A Brand Ambassador needs to be carefully trained and properly matched to the brand and the target audience to ensure that the live brand experience will be a success. [1] If you are asking yourself the question, â€Å"What is a Brand Ambassador† you are in the right place. A Brand Ambassador is someone that represents a Brand in a positive way and carries the brand message out to the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Ambassador or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Brand Ambassador position has become more common as an official job because of the many outlets where a brand ambassador can promote the brand and where many people can discuss the brand. What is the difference between a PR Agency and a Brand Ambassador? A PR Agency usually focuses on the news media, writing official communications and handling a crisis. But certainly many PR agencies have developed the ability to be good brand ambassadors as well. A Good Brand Ambassador To be a good brand ambassador, you really need to know the product, the industry and to have the motivation to help other people discover the brand. It is not something that can be done effectively a few hours per month. A small business is best served by the owner being the brand ambassador. The Employee Brand Ambassador The employee brand ambassador is when there is a positive workplace and employees are motivated to create awareness. This has become easier to do in the last few years with the rise of social media and employee blogs. Employee blogging can significantly impact the visibility of the company. We build the Employee Ambassador program to make it easy for employees blogs to be set up and monitored. Each time and employee blogs, the blog post gets reviewed and then published to their own blog, as well as the proper conversion centers which are keyword specific blogs. The development focus is simplicity. A title and a couple of paragraphs is all you need to fill in to post your blog post. And your corporate blog will rank higher in search with the blog search optimization that happens behind the scenes. If you are interested in Employee Blogging, build a lead generation blog. You can build a team of Brand Ambassadors that generate leads in no time. 1    2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10 | | | Rate this: | Bollywood actress and Nakshatr- as new Brand ambassador, Kat | | | | | Rate this: | Candid Chat: Cine actress Kare- ena Kapoor, brand ambassador | | | | | Rate this: | Actress and Lux brand ambassad- or Aishwarya Rai Bachchan at | | Brand Ambassadorsby jamesbond  » Wed Aug 17, 2005 5:57 pm Toyota has roped in actor Aamir Khan as its Brand Ambassador for its utility vehicle Innova in India. So, I thought we could make a list of Brand Ambassadors across India and all over the world. Toyota Innova Aamir Khan (Bollywood Actor) Accenture Tiger Woods (Golfer) Santr o Shahrukh Khan (Bollywood Actor) Brittania Rahul Dravid (Cricketer)Smile today. Tomorrow is going to be w| | Rate this: | Mrf brand ambassador and crick- eter Sachin Tendulkar inaugur | | | | | Rate this: | Aura: Bollywoods doe eyed bea- uty Bipasha Basu and the bran | | | | | Rate this: | Deepika Padukone strikes a pre- tty smile, after signing as t | | | | | Rate this: | Bollywoods doe eyed beauty Ce- lina Jaitley during a press c | | | | | Rate this: | Jack Of All Trades: Bollywood star John Abraham poses for t- | | | | | Rate this: | Sonam Kapoor is seen at a part- y hosted by a cosmetic brand | | | | | Rate this: | Bollywood actor John Abraham p- oses for the photographers on | | | | | Rate this: | Jack Of All Trades: Hindi film actor John Abraham poses for | | | | | Rate this: | Million Dollar Face: Bollywood actor John Abraham poses for | | Brand ambassadors give your business a boost Business Courier by Ric Sweeney Date: Monday, April 15, 2002, 12:00am EDT Everyone knows what a brand is it is your companys product or service, combined with a unique positioning and key company equities, that fills a need for consumers. Having a strong brand is vital to your companys success. But what exactly is a brand ambassador? At first thought, you might consider it to be the owner of the company or the board of directors; these people are considered the ones who have the greatest interest in seeing the company and its products survive and grow. While this is certainly true, a brand ambassador is much more than that. One very proper description of a brand ambassador I heard recently caught my attention: a diplomat; a representative of an organization, institution or corporation that best portrays the product or service. Once you consider this definition, the scope of your brands ambassadors spreads and grows into a variety of audiences, each with enormous potential for influencing others and ensuring your brands success. Lets explore some of your key ambassador groups. With strong leadership at the top of an organization, your product or service will be given the attention and resources it deserves to succeed. Your companys senior managers direct the various components necessary for developing and marketing your product. They also provide the high-level attitude of belief and commitment to success necessary to motivate employees to back the companys products. Senior managers must continually teach, coach and engage their employees, encouraging them to believe in the company and take an active part in the process of building and marketing products/services with unique characteristics that fill consumers needs. Without the focus and commitment of senior management, a product, no matter how good it looks on paper, is doomed to failure. All employees, regardless of function or title, are key ambassadors for your companys products and services. Members of sales, marketing, engineering and product development are key representatives of the company. And so are receptionists, administrative assistants and the maintenance staff. Once motivated by senior management to believe in the company and its products/services, employees can utilize their network of friends and colleagues to grow the companys circle of influence. Your customers are the key to your success in more ways than you might think. By buying your product again and again, they are providing the revenue you need to stay alive. But they also are living, breathing examples of consumers who used your product or service to fill a need. They are your key ambassadors. A testimonial from your customers is potentially worth more than the largest advertising budget in the world; this type of third-party endorsement provides you with the unique advantage of having others do your marketing for you. So what is necessary for your brand ambassadors to succeed? To make sure your brand ambassadors are the key to your success, it is important to arm them with the knowledge necessary to spread the word about your products and services. Your companys influencers and representatives should have a strong working knowledge of your products and should be able to discuss your products as they relate to needs in the marketplace. They should also have success in experiencing or using your product, either firsthand or by watching someone else. And finally, they must be able to speak passionately about your company and share their belief with others. You might feel overwhelmed by the notion of building your circle of brand ambassadors. But its easier than you might think: ? Youve already got a strong product or service. Now, make sure you have product literature or other sales collateral that quickly and concisely describes the key features and benefits or your company and its products. ? Motivate your employees to assume their role as representatives of your company. Give them the motivation and, if necessary, incentives to spread the word to friends and colleagues. ? Tap your satisfied customers. Find those customers who are thrilled with their experience. Get them to provide you with an endorsement or testimonial you can use with customer prospects and in your marketing and communications materials and arm them with the tools necessary to spread their success stories with others. Read more: Brand ambassadors give your business a boost | Business Courier India’s Top 10 Celebrity Brand Ambassadors Posted on Oct 08, 2009 under General View next photo India’s Top 10 Celebrity Brand Ambassadors Top 10: MS Dhoni – 28 (1981) Shahrukh Khan – 43 (1945) Aishwarya Rai Bachchan – 35 (1973) Amitabh Bachchan – 66 – (1942) Sachin Tendulkar – 36 – (1973) Hrithik Roshan – 35 – (1974) Yuvraj Singh – 27 – (1981) Katrina Kaif – 25 – (1984) Akshay Kumar – 42 – (1967) Salman Khan – 43 – (1965) Women Top Men: Aishwarya Abhishek Kareena Saif Deepika Ranbir Kajol Ajay From 25 to 66, they are ruling over Indians. Be it the youth or the senior citizens, their grip over them is unquestionable. Cricketers and actors rule over Indians. They can sell anything with their star power and grip over Indians. While cricketers mesmerise the classes, actors sway the masses. It is a win-win situation for both the cricketers and the actors. In India, if you are no good in studies, head to be a cricketer, or an actor. If you don’t succeed there, become a politician. You will still reap benefits (if not popularity or money wise, power-wise you will. ) With three cricketers and seven actors in the list, it is definitely in favour of entertainment. Indians sure can do with it in no uncertain terms to ease their stressful lives. Actors spread cheer and influence them in their buying decisions. Women have stolen a march in many areas. They have come into their own. And they find a place in the list. Sania Mirza, Hema Malini, Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra may not be in Top 10 but they are there later on, making their presence felt. Katrina Kaif is fast emerging as an enigma. She has reached the pinnacle of success in Bollywood in a very short span of six years. She started with a miserable flop Boom (2003) when she was 19. In 2009 and 25 years old, she has set standards that will be hard to match by anyone in years to come by. A foreigner rules the roost and is more Indian than Indians. A total outsider with no connections or Godfathers, she has made to the marquee. That is confidence and a desire to succeed. Kudos to her. Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra are conspicuous by their absence from the top 10 list. Significantly there are no politicians, businessmen, cops, judges, journalists, doctors, engineers or educationists, who influence Indians. It is sad but then reality check is important. And this reality hurts. Nevertheless, it presents a fact where much catching up has to be done. Along with the reality shows, a reality check remains to be done. Our heroes are cricketers and actors. Our educational text books may have Mahatma Gandhi and other heroes but remain unread. But magazines filled with news about cricketers and actors sell like hot cakes. If only our educational books were made of them, it will attract more students, who will excel in education (doesn’t matter if that will be filmi one. ) Look where India has reached. That is the reality of today. Jai ho, Indians. India Ink Do Celebrities Create Brands? by  Ramesh Thomas December 31, 2001 Michael Jordan is Nikes Air and Pierce Brosnan is Omegas Seamaster. Is this really true? Across the world, celebrities have been used for a variety of brands, big and small, new and old, winners and losers. India has opened its markets only recently and is witnessing an era of competition that its industry never imagined. Many venerable old organizations are now clutching at expensive straws to survive. Consequently, one of the most noticeable trends over the last five years has been the plethora of celebrity endorsements. Across product categories, from toiletries to telecom, hi-fis to hotels, ready-mades to razor blades, everyone seems to be roping in a Brand Ambassador to sell their products. If we take a look at the set of brand ambassadors who have been contracted so far, they are all either from the world of film or cricket. This is because India produces and consumes vast quantities of both. |   | | So, our most celebrated cricket icon (perhaps our most celebrated personality), Sachin Tendulkar endorses everything from radial tires and the Palio car to Pepsi, Visa, Adidas, stock trading portals and music systems. The branding question is Will the real Tendulkar please stand up? Can he really be all of these? Which brings us immediately to the term endorsement. By definition we must be endorsing some trait or character of the brand. Theoretically, anybody can endorse anything if he carries credibility. But like the old advertising adage says, the medium is the message. Shouldnt it apply to endorsements as well? After all celebrities are who they are for a strong streak they possess. So, James Bond is dashing, Michael Jordan breaks limits and Andre Agassi doesnt give up. By this logic, could we ever visualize Sean Connery endorsing the Rolls-Royce or John McEnroe as a brand ambassador for the Four Seasons? Dont get me wrong, I am not advocating a ban on celebrity endorsement. Because celebrities can catalyze brand acceptance and provide the enormous momentum that brands require. However, as the term suggests, they must endorse something. And that something must be intrinsic to the brand. But for celebrity endorsements to work, they should work on some fundamental ground rules:a. Articulate with clarity on the brand promise (What am I? ) and the brand personality (Who am I? ) b. Create consensus among the brand team on what the communication objectives for the campaign are c. Focus single-mindedly on the characteristics the chosen celebrity should possess, in order to provide synergy with the brand to be advertised d. Overtly establish what the celebrity is going to communicate Once these criteria are met, endorsements can work as a force multiplier. On the flip side, the greatest danger is that because celebrities already carry a strong brand character, a mismatch could be counterproductive to the brand. It is very tempting to be carried away by the short-term exposure and interest that an endorsement could generate. Finally, given the huge outlay that a celebrity presence demands, isnt it time that shareholders began asking fundamental questions on brand investments too? | Bottom of Form

Thomas Paine Common Sense Essay Example

Thomas Paine Common Sense Essay Christian Arnold November 28, 2010 Thomas Paine At the beginning of 1776, Thomas pain was a novelist who came to America on Ben Franklin’s request. He was famous for writing the book â€Å"Common sense† which was basically about expressing current idea to capture the attention of the public. Pain was also very skilled in style more than thoughts. He spent most of his early life in England experiencing personal failures and experiments. The connection between religion and government was simple. Thomas Paine attacked all forms of religion meaning he didn’t have a specific religion he worshiped so that means he wasn’t Christian, he was more towards a atheist. At that time he felt England’s government was very unconstitutional, meaning basically the people had no rights. So he made concepts relating to government easy for people to understand . Paine’s view of religion was also very plain he had no real religion to fall back on. Basically whatever was in at that time he went on and went with. He did this in order to reach the colonist who didn’t have an idea of what he was talking about. Paine was successful in expressing current Ideas that caught the publics attention. Thomas pains view of equality related to America against Britain was the division from England when America and France entered the political scene which unrepairably should’ve declare their independence, this called colonist to unite with him for the fight for their independence. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Paine Common Sense specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Paine Common Sense specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Paine Common Sense specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The king had proclaimed the colonists to be rebels, rejected their petitions with disdain, and was preparing to send a crushing force hither, men in every station in life began to speak out boldly in favor of independence. Because, after the major defeat in the first battle he wrote the first â€Å"American Crisis† paper, which was so persuasive that Washington did not hesitate to order a reading to the troops. â€Å"Independence is now the only bond that will keep us together. We shall then see one object, and our ears will be legally shut against the schemes of an intriguing, as well as cruel, enemy. We shall then, too, be on a proper footing to treat with Great Britain; for there is reason to conclude that the pride of that court will be less hurt by treating with the American States for terms of peace, than with those whom she denominates rebellious subjects for terms of accommodation†, stated Pain. Thomas Pain was an excellent role model for early American history, his achievements are noted throughout history as you can see. Thomas Pain was at times a complete jerk and had no regard for the human race but on the other hand he made life easier for people to understand by creating this famous book â€Å"Common Sense†. As an American citizen I am really thankful that Ben Franklin talked him into coming over to the United States to help us out.

An Argument Against the War in Iraq essays

An Argument Against the War in Iraq essays The recent war with Iraq has been on the minds of people all across the world since well before it started. Many are worried that the United States will be seen as being too controlling, and that it should let the Iraqi people work out their own problems. Others, who are concerned about the threat of terrorist activity in this country and others, stick with the belief that the United States was right in their attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Regardless of which opinion one holds, there are theorists, both classical and modern, who have strong views on war. This is largely due to conflict theory, which is that life is largely characterized more by conflict that it is by consensus. Those who uphold this theory have different ways of looking at it, and the purpose of this paper is to look at classical theorists such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, as well as modern theorists such as Ralph Dahrendorf, and Lewis Coser. The different views they have of conflict theory will th en be applied to the war in Iraq, to help show what they believe about conflict and why it is important. I will, however, refute many of their arguments because I am strongly against the war in Iraq and the pain and suffering that it is causing so many people. Once an understanding of conflict theory is established based on how these particular theorists choose to view it, a comparison and contrast of the beliefs that they hold will be discussed as well. This is important in understanding not only conflict theory, but how it applies to real-life situations such as war. Conflict theory can be used in other situations, but war is one of the most obvious and violent ways that countries deal with conflict, and is therefore a good way to discuss the different theories that are related to conflicts between individuals. Classical theorists include Karl Marx and Max Weber. Karl Marx is basically the father of conflict theory, and many of the conflict and ot...

A Review Of Woolworths Limited Commerce Essay

A Review Of Woolworths Limited Commerce Essay Woolworths Limited is one of the major Australian companies with extensive retail interest around Asia-pacific region. Largest food retailer in Australia, Largest retail firm in Australia and New Zealand and largest takeaway liquor retailer, hotel and poker machine operator in Australia. The Woolworths limited family is one of the huge employers in Pacific-Asia. With around 200,000 team members working in support offices, stores and distribution centres across Newzeland and Australia. Woolworths limited also continues to develop in buying and wholesaling offices in India and Asia. Retailing is most people focused business that makes recruiting, retaining intelligent employees and developing significant to their success. Through Woolworths limited policies, educate and development opportunities, reward and recognition programs, career opportunities and initiative to provide a balance and healthy work life, they target to keep doing the right things by their people and they keep on to recognise Woolworths limited as such a great place to work. Woolworths limited is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer. A diversity strategy has been certified and developed by the top management group, part of Woolworths’ ongoing commitment to diversity. In Woolworths limited, where all employees are treated with respect, dignity and courtesy, this is their target to provide a healthy work environment. They acknowledge that diversity adds significance in bringing dissimilar perspectives to work environment and in reflect the communities they serve. It helps business benefits as well. A diversity working community has been created comprising and Human Resource managers from all divisions. The purpose of the community is to, prioritise events to harness diversity within the company, make sure that recognising diversity owned by the business and managing accordingly. The gender at Woolworths, female constitutes 55% of the company workforce and proud of the progress the com pany made in the area of gender diversity, mainly in the top leadership role. 16.7% of leadership roles in company were held by women, for the financial year 2003-04 and 27% had increase in the year 2008-09. In facilitating women’s career development and progression, Woolworths Limited focuses to create an environment that is appreciation and supportive of difference. Men and women offer various perspectives those provide undeniable business benefits and they try to remove the barriers that may restrict the women career progression. These include the structured networking opportunities and mentoring. Woolworth’s board members two are women out of nine, which represent 22% of the board. Peter chandler, a part time employee of Woolworths at Katherine in northern Territory, which is 320 kilometres from south Darwin, is among an expanding group of Indigenous Aussies who are become Woolworths employees. Peter has gained experience in almost all departments of the store, suc h as perishable, bakery and presently working as a night fill employee. Woolworths is such a great place to work, diverse backgrounds such as people with disability, should have the opportunity to be work with Woolworths, which job they are suited. Woolworths limited has a memo of understanding with disability works Australia (DWA) and when recruiting a disability candidate, Woolworths require the contractor to use service of the Disability work Australia. The contractor is the supported to wage system is used decide the employee’s wage.

Worldview defended Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Worldview defended - Essay Example My worldview does not allow me to go deep within the same-sex marriage ideology as it is not only different but also vehemently opposed by my ancestors who have brought solid reasoning in front of me. Even though marriages bring couples in close association with one another, the most basic point that must be understood is that of empathy – to understand where the couples are coming from. My worldview framework is thus set from the perspective that marriages bring human beings together and thus there must be a basic pattern upon which marriages must last. It will help resolve the ambiguities if traditional marriages are encouraged as these bring out the best amongst both men and women. Same-sex marriages do not bring any sanity to the related ranks and only make things look gloomier than they are within the world. My worldview is therefore in complete favor of a traditional form of marriages because they bring results which are long-lasting and positive for the family. The same -sex marriages are inherently different from traditional marriages because either of them comes up with divorce in the end, and there is more reason why same-sex marriages lead to such breakups from a strategic perspective. I am hopeful that if the worldview has to change for the better for the people who live near to me, then there is a requirement that same-sex marriages should be bolstered with people who have a good perspective towards life and who want to be successful at building their relationships in a very pragmatic manner.

Why is the fiction important to our non-fiction world Essay

Why is the fiction important to our non-fiction world - Essay Example p inherent within the values that the non-fiction works advocate and thus it provides for strong reasoning that the non-fiction writing works are generally more open to debate and criticism than the fiction texts. In this non-fiction world, the society plays a great role at changing the way fiction is taken and studied at the same time. There is a sense of pessimism related with fiction as it reflects barely upon the society and its criticism which is more or less a pictorial representation of stating the facts and truths as and when they unfold. Fiction essays and pieces of criticism look to solve the maze that develops within a reader’s mind from time to time. Since he is fed with so much information and data on his side, he is unaware of the glorified ways that his life can turn into with the reading of fiction by his side. They seem to hide within the walls of fiction and remain on the backburner of different issues for most of the instances. (Ziolkowski, 1997) The reader goes in a deep cave, away from the practicalities of life and finds an escape route within fiction. What this offers is the other side of the truth. Fiction essays provide mystery, romance and so much more to the idle mind, which is also idealistic in nature. Literature has left an indelible impression on the minds of the common people within the society, be it in the form of fiction or non-fiction. Literature has opened up avenues of the thought process and has given them insight on different subjects, events, situations and generally about people. What is now reality seemed to be a craving in the distant past since literature was not easily accessible by the commoners and they had to pay for it to make it their own. Fiction has seemed to play a pivotal role within the world realms as it presents the ‘other’ side of the world in a way. It makes people look ideal from an irrational setting. They become super-humans as a matter of fact. Thus fiction portrays the desires and cravings of

the jungle Essay examples -- essays research papers

Upton Sinclair was the most famous of the American â€Å"muckraker† journalists. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. Although his family was poor, Sinclair was able to earn money as a writer from a very early age, and was able to save enough money to go to college. He attended the city college of New York and graduated from there with a B.A. degree. Soon after he went to Columbia University to graduate school. It was there that he began writing full-length novels with important social themes. His novels showed that he was concerned with the conditions of working people. During the early part of the twentieth century businesses had very little to restrain them and working class unions were not nearly as common as they are today. Some of the biggest abuses of labor conditions took place in big cities such as New York and Chicago. It was in the meatpacking district of Chicago that Sinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpacking district of Chicago in the early 1900’s is where the novel takes place. The main characters in this book are a Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkis, a hardworking strong man out to find the American dream, his wife, and his family who is trying to do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a long journey to America the family arrives in Packingtown, where Jokusbas Szedvilas, a fellow Lithuanian immigrant, introduces them to the filthy stinking part of the city that will now be their home. Jurgis is very eager to get a job and succeeds easily. The family has rented living quarters in the filthy boarding house ran by Anielle Jukniene, but Jurgis and the others want to buy a house. An attractive advertisement brings them to a dishonest house agent. They do buy a house, but are made to sign a deed that they can’t even understand. They find out later it requires them to rent the house for a long time and if they miss even one payment they lose all they have in the ... ...e time. He knew he had to be very graphic and specific to get the message across. His novel was the main reason that congress was pressured into passing the Pure Meat Inspection Act in 1906.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economical and social issues of the book are told by the tragic stories of the men and women who worked, and died in the stockyards district. They encountered nearly every evil possible. Unable to speak English they were easily exploited and taken advantage of. The workers of the stockyards were paid horribly low wages that weren’t even enough to keep a family going. Every member of the family must work or they would all starve. It seems that no one cared or even knew about this until Upton Sinclair wrote â€Å"The Jungle.† For the people of the stockyards they were living in a great depression, a life of depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book impacted history in a great way. The power of meat inspectors greatly improved, and Americans finally had confidence in the meat that they ate. This book impacted American meat and Americans eating habits more than it did working conditions, which were what I believe Upton Sinclair was really trying to change. the jungle Essay examples -- essays research papers Upton Sinclair was the most famous of the American â€Å"muckraker† journalists. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. Although his family was poor, Sinclair was able to earn money as a writer from a very early age, and was able to save enough money to go to college. He attended the city college of New York and graduated from there with a B.A. degree. Soon after he went to Columbia University to graduate school. It was there that he began writing full-length novels with important social themes. His novels showed that he was concerned with the conditions of working people. During the early part of the twentieth century businesses had very little to restrain them and working class unions were not nearly as common as they are today. Some of the biggest abuses of labor conditions took place in big cities such as New York and Chicago. It was in the meatpacking district of Chicago that Sinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpacking district of Chicago in the early 1900’s is where the novel takes place. The main characters in this book are a Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkis, a hardworking strong man out to find the American dream, his wife, and his family who is trying to do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a long journey to America the family arrives in Packingtown, where Jokusbas Szedvilas, a fellow Lithuanian immigrant, introduces them to the filthy stinking part of the city that will now be their home. Jurgis is very eager to get a job and succeeds easily. The family has rented living quarters in the filthy boarding house ran by Anielle Jukniene, but Jurgis and the others want to buy a house. An attractive advertisement brings them to a dishonest house agent. They do buy a house, but are made to sign a deed that they can’t even understand. They find out later it requires them to rent the house for a long time and if they miss even one payment they lose all they have in the ... ...e time. He knew he had to be very graphic and specific to get the message across. His novel was the main reason that congress was pressured into passing the Pure Meat Inspection Act in 1906.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economical and social issues of the book are told by the tragic stories of the men and women who worked, and died in the stockyards district. They encountered nearly every evil possible. Unable to speak English they were easily exploited and taken advantage of. The workers of the stockyards were paid horribly low wages that weren’t even enough to keep a family going. Every member of the family must work or they would all starve. It seems that no one cared or even knew about this until Upton Sinclair wrote â€Å"The Jungle.† For the people of the stockyards they were living in a great depression, a life of depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book impacted history in a great way. The power of meat inspectors greatly improved, and Americans finally had confidence in the meat that they ate. This book impacted American meat and Americans eating habits more than it did working conditions, which were what I believe Upton Sinclair was really trying to change.

Unme Jeans

Which, if any, of the three social media plans should Foley pursue? Why? oI would suggest that Foley pursue advertising on all three social media outlets proposed. They are all good places to reach their target demographic and the cost isn’t that high to leverage those outlets. Their buyers are social media users and they should try to reach them there. I would suggest running all three for a year and see which are return best and then she could re-evaluate from there. What benefits would Foley gain from each of the three social media plans? What risks does each entail? How can Foley better reap the benefits and mitigate the risks of each of the programs? oThe benefit of being in the social media plan is that UnME would have a presence where their target market goes to socialize and communicate with each other. It would give them the opportunity to interact with their customers in their world and raise the level of involvement with their customers and potential customers.The r isk is that they will not be able to engage their customers in a personal and meaningful manner, which seems to be critical for successful online marketing. I would advise her to seek out several marketing plans for online engagement and really look for a firm with a proven track record with online and will focus on more than just the interface. †¢How should Foley integrate social media into her traditional media plans? Should Foley take money out of traditional media (television, magazine, radio, Internet banner and search ads) to fund her social media programs?Why or why not? oI would recommend that Foley work with a firm to run a campaign that leverages the advantages of different traditional media in conjunction with online social media. There is still a solid (if shrinking) market in print and television so I would choose to be strategic with those dollars. But I would definitely run a marketing campaign that went hand in hand with the online media. †¢How should Foley measure the results of her social media plans? Which media metrics are best and least suited for a Web 2. world? oIt is definitely harder to quantify the return from online marketing against. They should work with a qualified web expert to establish good metrics for measuring the campaign. †¢Is UnME Jeans the right or wrong type of brand and/or product for Web 2. 0? Why? What advantages does the brand have in this new cultural world? What disadvantages does it have? oI think that UnME is the right type of brand and product for Web 2. 0. Their audience is younger, tech savvy, they are active online and UnMe has a unique product.They are about the experience of denim, not just the product and that is a good fit for social media. †¢How well do the social media plans address the emerging challenges of the rapidly changing media environment outlined in the case? What can you change in the social media plans to make them more effective for UnME’s target consumers? oI am not convinced that the proposed plans are the best use of social media. I like the widgets and the idea of voting for the next design, but they really need to concentrate on user experience. That is always key for online success.

Schizophrenia Cognition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1873 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Topics: Schizophrenia Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Schizophrenia is more than just a serious mental disorder in which people interpret an abnormal version of reality. Hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and sometimes bizarre behavior is a part of the schizophrenics everyday life, impairing their daily functions. Religious delusions are a common form of schizophrenic psychosis and are particularly difficult to treat. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Schizophrenia Cognition" essay for you Create order This paper will present information from the articles, Psychological Characteristics of Religious Delusions and Religion, Spirituality, and Schizophrenia: A Review, and Religious Delusions. It will summarize how a patients psychosis and religious delusions affect their daily functioning. A further look into how schizophrenics intertwine their paranoia and delusions with religion and how it affects their outlook, opinions and possible resistance to treatment will be reviewed. Key Words: Schizophrenia, Religious Delusions, Psychosis Introduction My whole mental power has disappeared, I have sunk intellectually below the level of a beast (a patient with schizophrenia, quoted by Kraepelin, 1919). This quote may be over 100 years old but it still adequately describes schizophrenia in a way that leaves us in contemplation over what everyday life might feel like coping with a mental disorder of this capacity. With all of todays physiological advances, it is unfortunate that there is still no known cause of schizophrenia. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetics, brain chemistry and environmental factors contributes to development of the disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Problems with naturally occurring brain chemicals may also contribute to schizophrenia. While researchers arent certain about the significance with differences in the brain structure changes, they concluded that schizophrenia is a brain disease. There are a couple contributing factors believed to be connected with increased risk or possible development of the disease. These include; family history of schizophrenia, pregnancy and birth complications, such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins or v iruses that may impact brain development, and taking mind-altering (psychoactive or psychotropic) drugs during teen years and young adulthood (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Schizophrenia involves a range of problems with cognition, behavior or emotions. Signs and symptoms may vary, but usually involve delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech, and reflect an impaired ability to daily functioning (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Delusions are false beliefs that are not based in reality. Religious delusions are a common occurrence in schizophrenia patients. Hallucinations usually involve seeing or hearing things that dont exist, yet for the person with schizophrenia, they have the full force and impact of a normal experience. Hallucinations can be in any of the senses, but hearing voices is the most common hallucination. Extremely disorganized or abnormal behavior may show in a number of ways for a schizophrenic. This could range from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Behavior can include resistance to instructions, inappropriate or bizarre posture, a complete lack of response, or useless and excessive movement. Symptoms can vary in type and severity over time, with periods of worsening and remission of symptoms. Some symptoms may always be present (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Schizophrenia is not a common disease but it can be a serious and chronic one. Worldwide about 1% of the population is diagnosed with schizophrenia, and approximately 1.2% of Americans (3.2 million) have the disorder (Schizophrenia Symptoms, Patterns And Statistics And Patterns, 2015). More commonly the rate of diagnosis of new cases of schizophrenia increases in the teen years, reaching a peak of vulnerability between the ages of 16 and 25 years. Men and women show different patterns of susceptibility for developing schizophrenia symptoms. Males reach a single peak of vulnerability for developing schizophrenia between the ages of 18 and 25 years. In contrast, female vulnerability peaks twice; first between 25 and 30 years, and then again around 40 years of age. It is uncommon for children to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and rare for those older than age 45 (Schizophrenia Symptoms, Patterns And Statistics And Patterns, 2015) . Schizophrenia requires lifelong treatment, even when symptoms have subsided. Treatment with medications and psychosocial therapy can help manage the condition. In some cases, hospitalization may be needed. Medications are the foundation of schizophrenia treatment, and antipsychotic medications are the most commonly prescribed drugs (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Theyre thought to control symptoms by affecting the brain neurotransmitter dopamine. Other forms of treatment include: individual therapy, which may help to normalize thought patterns and learn to cope with stress; social skills training, which focuses on improving communication and social interactions and improving the ability to participate in daily activities; family therapy, which provides support and education to families dealing with schizophrenia; and finally, vocational rehabilitation and supported employment, which focuses on helping people with schizophrenia prepare for, find and keep jobs (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Summary The research articles presented in this paper are, Religious Delusions by, Professor Andrew Sims, Religion, Spirituality, and Schizophrenia: A Review by, Sandeep Grover, et al., and Psychological Characteristics of Religious Delusions by, Robel Iyassu, et al. The article Religious Delusions begins with how a schizophrenics religious delusions played an important role in the birth of British psychiatry. It then continues to answer the question, what is a delusion? According to this article, a delusion has no perfect definition, however it gives the explanation of a delusion as a false, unshakable idea or belief, creating a phenomenon that is outside normal experiences. This article discusses how delusions are always self-referent, meaning the belief or notion always has something to do with oneself. Delusions are held without any insight, if someone wonders if they are deluded or not, they almost certainly are not. Glenn Roberts (1991) states that schizophrenic delusions may be an adaptive response to whatever initiates the psychotic break. This article further talks about how a schizophrenic case can be made for considering delusions to be a disorder of the mental state affecting the boundaries of self, this is a disturbance in knowing wh ere I ends and not I begins. With the loss of ego boundaries, there is a merging between self and not self that the patient is not aware of. Michael Trimble has stated in this article that there is a slow accumulation of evidence in favor of religious experience being more closely linked with the right hemisphere of the brain. This is due to self-awareness, empathy, identification with others, and more generally intersubjective processes, are largely dependent on right hemisphere resources. The article concludes by saying that when a person becomes mentally ill, his delusions reflect, in their content, his predominant interests and concerns. The article Religion, Spirituality, and Schizophrenia: A Review, introduces schizophrenia as a chronic, disabling condition that impairs ones ability to function. An interesting find this article presents is that religious delusions are help with more conviction and pervasiveness than other delusions with data suggesting that patients with religious/spiritual delusions value religion as much as those without these types of delusions, but patients presenting these delusions receive less support from religious communities. Regarding socio-demographic variables, reports suggest that the religious content of delusions is related to the marital status and education of schizophrenic patients. Occasional studies suggest a relationship between religious delusions and cognitive defects. Research suggests in this article that those with religious delusions are not satisfied with psychiatric treatment and are more likely to not adhere to their treatment plan. Evidence also shows that those with religious delusions have poor outcomes and more frequently indulge in violence and self-harm. The authors of this article reported that 30 out of the 70 studies (43%) have found a relationship between delusions and hallucinations, and religious beliefs. This article concludes by saying that existing data shows religion has an influence on the expression of psychopathology, treatment-seeking behavior, as well as treatment outcomes. Given the importance of religion for many patients, the schizophrenia treatment model should integrate religion in order to achieve a whole-person approach to treatment. The final article being discussed in the paper is Psychological Characteristics of Religious Delusions. This article describes religious delusions as common but particularly difficult to treat. A study was conducted with 383 adult participants with delusions and a schizophrenic spectrum diagnosis. The results showed that religious delusions were associated with having internal evidence for their delusion and being willing to consider alternatives to their delusion. Levels of negative symptoms were lower. No differences were found in delusional conviction, insight or attitudes toward treatment. Their conclusion revealed that there wasnt any evidence found that people with religious delusions would be less likely to engage in any form of help. According to this article, delusions are a cardinal feature of psychotic illness, presented an around of people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis. Religious themes are common across delusion categories, with between 1/5 to 2/3 of all delu sions reflecting religious content. Levels of disability, distress and conviction have all been reported to be higher in people with religious delusions compared to other types of delusions. People with religious delusions appear to be a particularly problematic group to treat effectively and are targeted for psychological therapies. This article concludes by stating that approximately 1/5 of people with delusions have religious delusions. Their attitudes to and levels of engagement with treatment are similar to those with any kind of delusion. Cognitive therapy may be a good fit for patients with these types of delusions to promote a personally meaningful recovery. Method The study involved 383 adult participants who suffered from religious delusions and a schizophrenia diagnosis somewhere on the spectrum. The information studied and concluded was drawn two large studies of cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis. Results The study referenced was trying to determine whether religious delusions affect a patients outlook on treatment and whether they were less likely to engage in treatment. They hypothesized that they would be have more of a negative outlook on treatment and be more resistant to it. The study could not find any evidence that patients were less likely to engage in treatment. Suggested Follow up Research If further research on this subject were to be studied, cultural considerations and variations may be something that should be included at a more in depth focus. We know that depending on the background, culture and country a person resides in, certain religious beliefs, practices and understanding is more or less culturally acceptable. Some things viewed as socially acceptable or religiously acceptable in one culture may be disregarded, looked down or even outlawed in other countries and cultures. Tying cultural beliefs and background in to the patients views and positive or negative reception towards treatment might provide more of an understanding on the individuals outlook regarding accepting and taking part in behavioral therapies. Conclusion Approximately 20 percent of schizophrenics suffer religious delusions (Psychological Characteristics of Religious Delusions, 2013). The studies suggest that up to 80% of patients use religion and spirituality as a coping mechanism to navigate their illness. The feedback varies as to whether religion and spirituality is helpful, largely depending on whether they experience positive or negative anomalous experiences. What we can conclude is schizophrenia and religion sometimes have a symbiotic relationship. While it can be said that you can find religion without schizophrenia, it is often hard to find schizophrenia without religion injected somewhere in either part of the problem or an effective everyday coping mechanism. As science continues to evolve and we continue to study and understand schizophrenia, it is with great anticipation that not only a cure is found but that we strive to have a better understanding of helping patients cope with such a intricate and mentally debilitating disease.